STUDY OF AMERICAN FAMILIES: INTERVIEW FLOWCHART (April 1997) >C15< What is your date of birth? (ENTER MONTH) <1> January <5> May <9> September <2> February <6> June <10> October <3> March <7> July <11> November <4> April <8> August <12> December <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item C25 <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item C30 ==> Procede to the Next Item >C20< (ENTER DAY) <1-31> Day of Birth <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >C25< (ENTER YEAR) <1880-1976> YEAR OF BIRTH <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >C30< Now I would like you to think about the people who live in your household. PLEASE INCLUDE yourself and any persons who usually live here but are away temporarily - on business, on vacation, or in a general hospital - and include all babies and small children. DO NOT INCLUDE college students who are living away at college, persons stationed away from here in the armed forces, or persons away in institutions. Including yourself, how many people live in this household? <1> R LIVES ALONE ==> Go to Item C45a <2-20> Number of People (INCLUDING R) <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >C35< Is everyone in this household related to you in some way? <1> YES ==> Go to Item C45 <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >C40< How many persons in this household are not related to you in any way? <1-20> Number of People in Household Not Related to Respondent <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >C45< Just thinking about your family now - those people in the household who ARE related to you...How many persons in the family, including yourself, earned any money last year, 1994, from any job or employment? <0-20> Number of Earners in the Household <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item A10z >C45a< Did you earn any money last year, 1994, from any job or employment? <1> YES <2> NO <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >A10z< Next I would like to ask you about your education. What is the highest grade in elementary school or high school that you finished and got credit for? (CODE EXACT GRADE) <0> No formal school ==> Go to Item B5 <1-8> 1st grade through 8th grade ==> Go to Item B5 <9-12> 9th through 12th grade <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >A15< Did you ever get a high school diploma or a GED certificate? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >A20< Did you ever complete one or more years of college for credit - not including schooling such as business college, technical or vocational school? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item A40 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item A40 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item A40 ==> Procede to the Next Item >A25< How many years did you complete? <1> 1 YEAR <5> 5 YEARS <2> 2 YEARS <6> 6 YEARS <3> 3 YEARS <7> 7 YEARS <4> 4 YEARS <8> 8 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >A30< Do you have any college degrees? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item A40 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item A40 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item A40 ==> Procede to the Next Item >A35< What degree or degrees? (CODE HIGHEST DEGREE EARNED) <1> Associate/Junior College <2> Bachelor's <3> Graduate (MA, MS, MSW, MBA, PhD, EdD, MD, DDS, JD, ETC) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >A40< You told me that you completed (HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION COMPLETED). In what month and year did you complete that year of school? (ENTER MONTH) <1> January <5> May <9> September <2> February <6> June <10> October <3> March <7> July <11> November <4> April <8> August <12> December <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >A45< (ENTER YEAR) <1880-1995> YEAR <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B5< Now I would like to ask you about your life after school. Have you ever been on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces or spent at least two months on active duty for training in the Reserves or National Guard? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item B35 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item B35 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item B35 ==> Procede to the Next Item >B10< In what month and year did you first enter active military service? (ENTER MONTH) <1> January <5> May <9> September <2> February <6> June <10> October <3> March <7> July <11> November <4> April <8> August <12> December <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B15< (ENTER YEAR) <1880-1995> YEAR <888> DON'T KNOW <999> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B20< Are you currently on duty in the U.S. Armed Forces? <1> YES ==> Go to Item B35 <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B25< What was the month and year of your last separation from active service? DO NOT count Reserves, National Guard, etc., after active service. (ENTER MONTH) <1> January <5> May <9> September <2> February <6> June <10> October <3> March <7> July <11> November <4> April <8> August <12> December <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B30< (ENTER YEAR) <1880-1995> YEAR <888> DON'T KNOW <999> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B35< We would like to know about the first, full-time civilian job you had after you completed your highest grade in school. Do include full-time work in a family business or farm, even if you were working without pay. What kind of work were you doing? That is, what was your job called? <1> R REPORTS OCCUPATION (ENTER OCCUPATION IN NEXT ITEM) <2> HAS NOT WORKED AT FULL-TIME CIVILIAN JOB SINCE COMPLETING SCHOOL ==> Go to Item B75 <3> HAS NEVER WORKED ==> Go to Item B75 ==> Procede to the Next Item >B40< (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >B45< What did you actually do in that job? Tell me what were some of your main duties? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >B50< What kind of place did you work for? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >B55< What did they make or do? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >B60< Were you self-employed or did you work for someone else? <1> SELF-EMPLOYED <2> SOMEONE ELSE <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B65< In what month and year did you begin this job? Report the month in which you actually began this job, even if you started the job before you completed your highest grade in school. (ENTER MONTH) <1> January <5> May <9> September <2> February <6> June <10> October <3> March <7> July <11> November <4> April <8> August <12> December <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item B75 ==> Procede to the Next Item >B70< (ENTER YEAR) <1880-1995> YEAR <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B75< Last week were you working full-time, part-time, going to school, keeping house, or what? (ENTER ONE CODE ONLY. IF MORE THAN ONE RESPONSE, GIVE PREFERENCE TO SMALLEST CODE NUMBER THAT APPLIES.) <1> Working full-time <2> Working part-time <3> With a job, but not at work because of temporary illness, vacation, strike ==> Go to Item B85 <4> Unemployed, laid off, looking for work ==> Go to Item B95 <5> Retired ==> Go to Item B90 <6> In school ==> Go to Item B90 <7> Keeping house ==> Go to Item B90 <8> Other (SPECIFY) ==> Go to Item B90 <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B80< How many hours did you work last week, at all jobs? <0-120> HOURS ==> Go to Item B95 >B85< How many hours a week do you usually work, at all jobs? <0-120> HOURS ==> Go to Item B95 >B90< Did you ever work for as long as one year? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item B165 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B95< What kind of work [do/did] you normally do? That is, what [is/was] your job called? <0> R SAYS [CURRENT/MOST RECENT] JOB IS EXACTLY THE SAME JOB AS FIRST JOB WHICH WAS REPORTED EARLIER ==> Go to Item B113 <1> OCCUPATION GIVEN (ENTER RESPONSE) <8> OCCUPATION NOT GIVEN ==> Go to Item B136 ==> Procede to the Next Item >B100< What [do/did] you actually do in that job? Tell me what[are/were] some of your main duties? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >B105< What kind of place [do/did] you work for? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >B110< What [do/did] they make or do? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >B112< [Are/Were] you self-employed or [do/did] you work for someone else? <1> SELF-EMPLOYED <2> SOMEONE ELSE <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B113< If B75 is greater than 3, indicating that the respondent is not currently working, then go to item B136. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >B119< About how many people work at the location where you work? Count part-time as well as full-time employees in all areas, departments, and buildings. <0> None <1-89999> 1 Person to 89,999 People <90000> 90,000 or more People <99998> DON'T KNOW <99999> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B120< [Do/Did] you have a supervisor on your job to whom you[are/were] directly responsible? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item B130 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item B130 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item B130 ==> Procede to the Next Item >B125< [Does/Did] that person have a supervisor on the job to whom he or she [is/was] directly responsible? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B130< In your job, [do/did] you supervise anyone who [is/was] directly responsible to you? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item B136 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item B136 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item B136 ==> Procede to the Next Item >B135< [Do/Did] any of those persons supervise anyone else? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B136< At any time during the last ten years, have you been unemployed and looking for work for as long as a month? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item B141 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item B141 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item B141 ==> Procede to the Next Item >B137< During the past twelve months, that is since [month of interview] 1994, were you unemployed and looking for work for as long as a month? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item B139 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item B139 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item B139 ==> Procede to the Next Item >b138< If item C30 equals 1, indicating that the respondent lives alone, fill in "1" in item B138 and procede to item B139. Otherwise, procede to item B138 >B138< When that happened, were you the main earner in your household, that is, the person making the highest income? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B139< Now I would like you to think about a longer period of time. At any time during the years between 1989 and [month of interview] 1994, were you unemployed and looking for work as long as a month? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item B141 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item B141 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item B141 ==> Procede to the Next Item >B140< When that happened, were you the main earner in your household, that is, the person making the highest income? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B141< Now I'd like to ask you about last year. In 1994 how many weeks did you work either full-time or part-time not counting work around the house ---include paid vacations and paid sick leave? <0> None or zero ==> Go to Item B155 <1-52> Number of weeks <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B145< When you worked in 1994, was it usually full or part time? <1> Full-time <2> Part-time <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B155< Did you earn any income from your [current or most recent] occupation in 1994? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item B165 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item B165 ==> Procede to the Next Item >B160< In 1994, how much did you, yourself, receive in WAGES, SALARIES, COMMISSIONS, and TIPS from your current occupation before taxes and other deductions? <0> None ==> Go to Item B165 <10-9999999> $10 to $9,999,999 ==> Go to Item B165 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item B165 ==> Procede to the Next Item >B161< Would it amount to $25,000 or more? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item B163 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item B165 ==> Procede to the Next Item >B162< $50,000 or more? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item B165 >B163< $5,000 or more? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B165< In 1994, how much was your total family income, before taxes and other deductions? <0> None <10-9999999> $10 to $9,999,999 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >B166< If item B75 equals 4, 5, 6, 8, or 9, indicating that respondents were unemployed, in school, or retired or that respondents did not know or refused to say what they were doing last week, then procede to item M25. If item B75 equals 7, indicating that respondents were keeping house, procede to item M20. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M4< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 3, 6, or 9, then procede to item M14. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M5< Thinking about the next 12 months, how likely do you think it is that you will lose your job or be laid off - very likely, fairly likely, not too likely, or not at all likely? <1> Very likely <2> Fairly likely <3> Not too likely <4> Not at all likely <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M10< About how easy would it be for you to find a job with another employer with approximately the same income and fringe benefits you now have? Would you say very easy, somewhat easy, or not easy at all? <1> Very easy <2> Somewhat easy <3> Not easy at all <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M14< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 2, 5, or 8, then procede to item M20. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M15< If you were to get enough money to live as comfortably as you would like for the rest of your life, would you continue to work or would you stop working? <1> Continue to work <2> Stop working <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M20< On the whole, how satisfied are you with the work you (do/did) - would you say you are very satisfied, moderately satisfied, a little dissatisfied, or very dissatisfied? (INTERVIEWER: THIS REFERS TO R'S CURRENT JOB, OR, IF NOT CURRENTLY WORKING, R'S MOST RECENT JOB.) <1> Very satisfied <2> Moderately satisfied <3> A little dissatisfied <4> Very dissatisfied <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M25< If you were asked to use one of four names for your social class, which would you say you belong in: the lower class, the working class, the middle class, or the upper class? <1> Lower class <2> Working class <3> Middle class <4> Upper class <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M30< We are interested in how people are getting along financially these days. So far as you and your family are concerned, would you say that you are pretty well satisfied with your present financial situation, more or less satisfied, or not satisfied at all? <1> Pretty well satisfied <2> More or less satisfied <3> Not satisfied at all <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M35< During the last few years, has your financial situation been getting better, getting worse, or has it stayed the same? <1> Getting better <2> Getting worse <3> Stayed the same <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M38< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 1, 2, 3, 4, or 7 then procede to item M50. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M40< Compared to your parents when they were the age you are now, do you think your own standard of living now is much better, somewhat better, about the same, somewhat worse, or much worse than theirs was? <1> Much better <2> Somewhat better <3> About the same <4> Somewhat worse <5> Much worse <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M45< When your children are the age you are now, do you think their standard of living will be much better, somewhat better, about the same, somewhat worse, or much worse than yours is now? <1> Much better <2> Somewhat better <3> About the same <4> Somewhat worse <5> Much worse <6> NO CHILDREN (VOLUNTEERED) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M50< Compared with American families in general, would you say your family income is - far below average, below average, average, above average, or far above average? <1> Far below average <2> Below average <3> Average <4> Above average <5> Far above average <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 2, 5, or 8, then procede to item M57. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M55< Some people say that people get ahead by their own hard work; others say that lucky breaks or help from other people are more important. Which do you think is most important? <1> Hard work most important <2> Hard work, luck equally important <3> Luck or help from other people most important <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M57< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 1, 2, 3, 4, or 7, then procede to item M62. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M60< Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statement: The way things are in America, people like me and my family have a good chance of improving our standard of living. <1> Strongly agree <2> Agree <3> Neither agree nor disagree <4> Disagree <5> Strongly disagree <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M62< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 3, 6, or 9, then procede to item M67. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M65< Do you or does your family own your home or apartment, pay rent, or what? <1> Own or is buying <2> Pays rent <3> Other (SPECIFY) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M67< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 4, 5, 7, or 8, then procede to item I10. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M70< Thinking about the time when you were 16 years old, compared with American families in general then, would you say your family income was far below average, below average, average, above average, or far above average? <1> Far below average <2> Below average <3> Average <4> Above average <5> Far above average <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >I10< Now I'd like to turn to something a bit different. This section is about reasoning abilities, that is, about how people think. Most people take tests of their reasoning abilities and there is a lot of interest in how these abilities may change over time. What I'd like you to do is tell me how 2 things are alike. In what way are an orange and a banana alike? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >Isk1< At this point respondents are randomly assigned to one of two groups, Group A and Group B. Respondents in Group A procede to item I15, while respondents in Group B procede to the next item. >I14< In what way are a dog and a lion alike? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >I15< In what way are a boat and an automobile alike? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >I20< In what way are an eye and an ear alike? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >Isk2< Respondents in Group A procede to item I25, while respondents in Group B procede to the next item. >I24< In what way are north and west alike? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >I25< In what way are an egg and a seed alike? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >I30< In what way are a table and a chair alike? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >Isk3< Respondents in Group A procede to item I35, while respondents in Group B procede to the next item. >I34< In what way are a poem and a statue alike? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >I35< In what way are work and play alike? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >I40< In what way are a fly and a tree alike? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >I45< In what way are praise and punishment alike? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >Isk4< Respondents in Group B procede to item M278, while respondents in Group A procede to the next item. >I50< In what way are a dog and a lion alike? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >I55< In what way are north and west alike? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >I60< In what way are a poem and a statue alike? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >M278< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 3, 6, or 9, then procede to item F10. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M280< And now for a different topic. How often do you read the newspaper... every day, a few times a week, once a week, less than once a week, or never? <1> Every day <2> A few times a week <3> Once a week <4> Less than once a week <5> Never <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M285< On the average day, about how many hours do you personally watch television? <0-24> Number of Hours <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F10< Now, we'd like to ask about your parents. Is your mother alive? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F15< In what year was your mother born? <1860-1960> YEAR OF BIRTH <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F20< If item F10 equals 1 or 8, indicating either that the respondent's mother is still alive or that the respondent does not know whether his or her mother is alive, then procede to item F30. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >F25< In what year did she die? <1860-1995> YEAR OF DEATH <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F30< Is your father alive? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F35< In what year was your father born? <1860-1960> YEAR OF BIRTH <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F40< If item F30 equals 1 or 8, indicating either that the respondent's father is still alive or that the respondent does not know whether his or her father is alive, then procede to item F50. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >F45< In what year did he die? <1860-1995> YEAR OF DEATH <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F50< Were you living with both your own mother and father around the time you were 16? <1> YES ==> Go to Item F65 <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F55< With whom were you living around that time? <1> Both own Mother and Father ==> Go to Item F65 <2> Father and Stepmother <3> Mother and Stepfather <4> Father - No Mother or Stepmother <5> Mother - No Father or Stepfather <6> Grandparents (both Grandmother and Grandfather) <7> Grandmother only <8> Grandfather only <9> R LIVED ALONE ==> Go to Item F65 <0> Other ==> Go to Item F55a <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item F65 ==> Go to Item F60 >F55a< Who was that? <1> BROTHER <2> SISTER <3> UNCLE AND AUNT <4> UNCLE ONLY <5> AUNT ONLY <0> OTHER (SPECIFY) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F60< How did it happen that you did not live with both your mother and your father when you were about sixteen? Was it because one of your parents had died, because your parents had divorced or separated, or what? <1> One or Both Parents Died <2> Parents Divorced or Separated <3> Parents NEVER lived together <4> Father Absent in Armed Forces <5> One or Both Parents in Institution <6> Other (SPECIFY) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F65< If item F55 equals 5, 7, or 9, or if item F55a equals 2 or 5, either of which indicates that the respondent did not live with their father or another adult male when they were 16, then procede to item F125. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >F70< What is the highest grade in elementary school or high school that your [father or male substitute] finished and got credit for? (CODE EXACT GRADE.) <0> No formal school ==> Go to Item F100 <1-8> 1st through 8th grade ==> Go to Item F100 <9-12> 9th through 12th grade <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F75< Did he ever get a high school diploma or a GED certificate? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F80< Did he ever complete one or more years of college for credit - not including schooling such as business college, technical or vocational school? (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item F100 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item F100 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item F100 ==> Procede to the Next Item >F85< How many years did he complete? <1> 1 YEAR <5> 5 YEARS <2> 2 YEARS <6> 6 YEARS <3> 3 YEARS <7> 7 YEARS <4> 4 YEARS <8> 8 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F90< [Does/Did] he have any college degrees? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item F100 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item F100 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item F100 ==> Procede to the Next Item >F95< What degree or degrees? (CODE HIGHEST DEGREE EARNED) <1> Associate/Junior College <2> Bachelor's <3> Graduate (MA, MS, MSW, MBA, PhD, EdD, MD, DDS, JD, ETC) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F100< What kind of work did your [father or male substitute] usually do while you were growing up? That is, what was his job called? <1> R REPORTED OCCUPATION, ENTER RESPONSE <8> OCCUPATION NOT GIVEN ==> Go to Item F125 ==> Procede to the Next Item >F105< What did he actually do in that job? Tell me what were some of his main duties? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >F110< What kind of place did he work for? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >F115< What did they make or do? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >F120< Was he self-employed, or did he work for someone else? <1> SELF-EMPLOYED <2> SOMEONE ELSE <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F125< If item F55 equals 4 or 8, or if item F55a equals 1 or 4, either of which indicates that the respondent did not live with their mother or another adult female when they were 16, then procede to item F187. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >F130< What is the highest grade in elementary school or high school that your [mother or female substitute] finished and got credit for? (CODE EXACT GRADE.) <0> No formal school ==> Go to Item F160 <1-8> 1st through 8th grade ==> Go to Item F160 <9-12> 9th through 12th grade <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F135< Did she ever get a high school diploma or a GED certificate? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F140< Did she ever complete one or more years of college for credit - not including schooling such as business college, technical or vocational school? (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item F160 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item F160 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item F160 ==> Procede to the Next Item >F145< How many years did she complete? <1> 1 YEAR <5> 5 YEARS <2> 2 YEARS <6> 6 YEARS <3> 3 YEARS <7> 7 YEARS <4> 4 YEARS <8> 8 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F150< [Does/Did] she have any college degrees? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item F160 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item F160 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item F160 ==> Procede to the Next Item >F155< What degree or degrees? (CODE HIGHEST DEGREE EARNED) <1> Associate/Junior College <2> Bachelor's <3> Graduate (MA, MS, MSW, MBA, PhD, EdD, MD, DDS, JD, ETC) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F160< Did your [mother or female substitute] ever work for pay for as long as a year while you were growing up? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item F187 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item F187 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item F187 ==> Procede to the Next Item >F162< Did she work as long as a year after you were born and before you started first grade? <1> YES <2> NO <6> R DID NOT LIVE WITH HER DURING THIS PERIOD <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F165< What kind of work did your [mother or female substitute] usually do while you were growing up? That is, what was her job called? <1> R REPORTED OCCUPATION, ENTER RESPONSE <8> OCCUPATION NOT GIVEN ==> Go to Item F187 ==> Procede to the Next Item >F170< What did she actually do in that job? Tell me what were some of her main duties? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >F175< What kind of place did she work for? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >F180< What did they make or do? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >F185< Was she self-employed, or did she work for someone else? <1> SELF-EMPLOYED <2> SOMEONE ELSE <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F187< If the respondent did not live with his or her father or an adult male substitute at age 16, procede to item F242. If F55a equals 1 or 2, indicating that the respondent lived with a sibling at age 16, then procede to item K245. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >F190< How many brothers [does/did] your [father or male substitute] have? Count those born alive, but no longer living, as well as those alive now. Also include stepbrothers and children adopted by his parents. <0> None ==> Go to Item F192 <1-30> Number of brothers <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item F192 ==> Procede to the Next Item >F191< How many of these brothers were born before your [father or male substitute]? <0> No brothers born before [father or male substitute] <1-30> Number of brothers born before [father or male substitute] <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Procede to the Next Item >F192< How many sisters [does/did] your [father or male substitute] have? Count those born alive, but no longer living, as well as those alive now. Also include stepsisters and children adopted by his parents. <0> None ==> Go to Item FSBD <1-30> Number of sisters <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item FSBD ==> Procede to the Next Item >F193< How many of these sisters were born before your [father or male substitute]? <0> No sisters born before [father or male substitute] <1-30> Number of sisters born before [father or male substitute] <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Procede to the Next Item >FSBD< >Fsbd< If the respondent's father or male substitute has/had a brother, then the next series of questions are about that person. If the respondents father or male substitute does/did not have a brother, but does/did have a sister, then the next series of questions is about her. If the respondent's father or male substitute has/had no siblings, then procede to item F242. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >F194< Please think about your [father or male substitute]'s [brother or sister] (THE RESPONDENT'S [uncle or aunt]) who [is/was] closest in age to him. Include brothers and sisters who are no longer living. What is that person's name? <1> RESPONDENT GAVE NAME - ENTER NAME ON NEXT SCREEN <8> RESPONDENT CANNOT GIVE A NAME ==> Go to Item F242 ==> Procede to the Next Item >F195< ENTER NAME ==> Procede to the Next Item >F197< Is [reference person] still alive? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F200< ([Is/Was] [reference person] male or female?) <1> MALE <2> FEMALE <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F205< Was [reference person] born before or after your [father or male substitute]? <1> Before <2> After <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item F213 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item F213 ==> Procede to the Next Item >F210< About how many years [before or after]? <0-50> Number of Years <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F213< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [reference person] ever completed? (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATOINAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st grade Through Twelfth Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F214< If item F197 does not equal 1, indicating that the respondent's uncle or aunt is dead, then procede to item F219. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >F216< And now I'd like to ask about [reference person]'s work. Is [he/she] currently working at a paid job? <1> YES ==> Go to Item F220 <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to the Next Item >F218< Does [reference person] do any work at all, even if it's only a part time job? Include unpaid work of 15 or more hours per week in a family business or farm. <1> YES ==> Go to Item F217 <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F219< Did [reference person] ever work at one job for as long as one year? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item F242 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item F242 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item F242 ==> Procede to the Next Item >F220< What kind of work [does/did] [he/she] normally do? That is, what [is/was] [his/her] job called? <1> R REPORTED OCCUPATION, ENTER RESPONSE <8> OCCUPATION NOT GIVEN ==> Go to Item F242 ==> Procede to the Next Item >F225< What [does/did] [he/she] actually do in that job? Tell me what [are/were] some of [his/her] main duties? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >F230< What kind of place [does/did] [he/she] work for? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >F235< What [do/did] they make or do? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >F240< [Is/Was] [he/she] self-employed or [does/did] [he/she] work for someone else? <1> SELF-EMPLOYED <2> SOMEONE ELSE <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >F242< If item F55 equals 4 or 8, indicating that the respondent did not live with his or her mother or female substitute when he or she was 16, or if F55a equals 1 or 2, indicating that the respondent lived with a brother or sister when he or she was 16, then procede to item K245. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >F245< How many brothers [does/did] your [mother or female substitute] have? (Count those born alive, but no longer living, as well as those alive now. Also include stepbrothers and children adopted by her parents.) <0> None ==> Go to Item F247 <1-30> Number of brothers <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item F247 ==> Procede to the Next Item >F246< How many of these brothers were born before your [mother or female substitute]? <0> No brothers born before [mother or female substitute] <1-30> Number of brothers born before [mother or female substitute] <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Procede to the Next Item >F247< How many sisters [does/did] your [mother or female substitute] have? (Count those born alive, but no longer living, as well as those alive now. Also include stepsisters and children adopted by her parents.) <0> None ==> Go to Item K245 <1-30> Number of sisters <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K245 ==> Procede to the Next Item >F248< How many of these sisters were born before your [mother or female substitute]? <0> No sisters born before [mother or female substitute] <1-30> Number of sisters born before [mother or female substitute] <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Procede to the Next Item >K245< And now for a different topic. What race do you consider yourself? <1> White <2> Black <3> Other (SPECIFY) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M138< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 2, 5, or 8, then procede to item M493. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M140< There are always some people whose ideas are considered bad or dangerous by other people. For instance, somebody who is against all churches and religion . . . If such a person wanted to make a speech in your community against churches and religion, should he be allowed to speak, or not? <1> YES, ALLOWED <2> NOT ALLOWED <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M145< Should such a person be allowed to teach in a college or university, or not? <1> YES, ALLOWED <2> NOT ALLOWED <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M150< If some people in your community suggested that a book he wrote against churches and religion should be taken out of your public library, would you favor removing this book, or not? <1> FAVOR <2> NOT FAVOR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M155< Or, consider a person who believes that Blacks are genetically inferior. If such a person wanted to make a speech in your community claiming that Blacks are inferior, should he be allowed to speak, or not? <1> YES, ALLOWED <2> NOT ALLOWED <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M160< Should such a person be allowed to teach in a college or university, or not? <1> YES, ALLOWED <2> NOT ALLOWED <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M165< If some people in your community suggested that a book he wrote which said Blacks are inferior should be taken out of your public library, would you favor removing this book, or not? <1> FAVOR <2> NOT FAVOR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M170< Now, I would like to ask you some questions about a man who admits he is a Communist. Suppose this admitted Communist wanted to make a speech in your community. Should he be allowed to speak, or not? <1> YES, ALLOWED TO SPEAK <2> NOT ALLOWED <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M175< Suppose he is teaching in a college. Should he be fired, or not? (INTERVIEWER: THIS QUESTION REFERS TO SOMEONE WHO IDENTIFIES AS A COMMUNIST, NOT SOMEONE WHO IS TEACHING COMMUNISM) <1> YES, FIRED <2> NOT FIRED <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M180< Suppose he wrote a book which is in your public library. Somebody in your community suggests that the book should be removed from the library. Would you favor removing it, or not? <1> FAVOR <2> NOT FAVOR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M185< Consider a person who advocates doing away with elections and letting the military run the country. If such a person wanted to make a speech in your community, should he be allowed to speak, or not? <1> YES, ALLOWED <2> NOT ALLOWED <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M190< Should such a person be allowed to teach in a college or university, or not? <1> YES, ALLOWED <2> NOT ALLOWED <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M195< Suppose he wrote a book advocating doing away with elections and letting the military run the country. Somebody in your community suggests that the book be removed from the public library. Would you favor removing it, or not? <1> FAVOR <2> NOT FAVOR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M200< And what about a man who admits that he is homosexual . . . Suppose this admitted homosexual wanted to make a speech in your community. Should he be allowed to speak, or not? <1> YES, ALLOWED <2> NOT ALLOWED <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M205< Should such a person be allowed to teach in a college or university, or not? <1> YES, ALLOWED <2> NOT ALLOWED <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M210< If some people in your community suggested that a book he wrote in favor of homosexuality should be taken out of your public library, would you favor removing this book, or not? <1> FAVOR <2> NOT FAVOR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M493< If GSS variable VERSION equals 3, 6, or 9, then procede to item M515. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M495< If your party nominated an African-American for President, would you vote for him if he were qualified for the job? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M515< Are there any [blacks/whites] living in your neighborhood now? (INTERVIEWER: THE RESEARCHERS ARE INTERESTED IN PEOPLE OF DISSIMILAR RACE (WHITE/BLACK) WHO LIVE NEAR THE RESPONDENT.) <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M498< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 1 or 3, then procede to item M510. If the GSS variable VERSION equals 2, 5, or 8, then procede to item M524. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M500< Here are some opinions other people have expressed in connection with Black-White relations. Would you say that you strongly agree, slightly agree, sightly disagree, or strongly disagree with these statements? Blacks shouldn't push themselves where they're not wanted. <1> Strongly Agree <2> Slightly Agree <3> Disagree Slightly <4> Disagree Strongly <8> NO OPINION/DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M505< (Here are some opinions other people have expressed in connection with Black-White relations. Would you say that you strongly agree, slightly agree, sightly disagree, or strongly disagree with these statements?) White people have a right to keep African-Americans out of their neighborhoods if they want to, and African-Americans should respect that right. <1> Strongly Agree <2> Slightly Agree <3> Disagree Slightly <4> Disagree Strongly <8> NO OPINION/DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M510< Do you think there should be laws against marriages between African-Americans and Whites? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M520< During the last few years, has anyone in your family brought a friend who was [black/white] home for dinner? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M524< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 3, 6, or 9, then procede to item M543. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M525< On the average African-Americans have worse jobs, income, and housing than white people. Do you think these differences are mainly due to discrimination? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M530< (On the average African-Americans have worse jobs, income, and housing than white people.) Do you think these differences are because most African-Americans have less in-born ability to learn? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M535< (On the average African-Americans have worse jobs, income, and housing than white people.) Do you think these differences are because most African-Americans don't have the chance for education that it takes to rise out of poverty? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M540< (On the average African-Americans have worse jobs, income, and housing than white people.) Do you think these differences are because most African-Americans just don't have the motivation or will power to pull themselves up out of poverty? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M543< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 1, 2, 3, 6, or 9 then procede to item M573. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M545< Some people say that because of past discrimination, blacks should be given preference in hiring and promotion. Others say that such preference in hiring and promotion of blacks is wrong because it discriminates against whites. What about your opinion? Are you for or against preferential hiring and promotion of blacks? <1> For racial preference <2> Against racial preference <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item M560 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item M560 ==> Procede to the Next Item >M555< Do you [favor/oppose] preference in hiring and promotion strongly or not strongly? <1> Strongly [favor/oppose] <2> Not strongly [favor/oppose] <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M560< Do you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with the following statement: Irish, Italians, Jews and many other minorities overcame prejudice and worked their way up. Blacks should do the same without special favors. <1> Agree strongly <2> Agree somewhat <3> Neither agree nor disagree <4> Disagree somewhat <5> Disagree strongly <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M565< In the past few years, do you think conditions for black people have improved, gotten worse, or stayed about the same? <1> Improved <2> Gotten worse <3> Stayed about the same <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M573< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 1, 4, or 7, then procede to item K190. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M575< Suppose there is a community-wide vote on the general housing issue. There are two possible laws to vote on: One law says that a homeowner can decide for himself whom to sell his house to, even if he prefers not to sell to African-Americans. The second law says that a homeowner cannot refuse to sell to someone because of their race or color. Which would you vote for? <1> First: Homeowner can decide whom to sell to <2> Second: Homeowner cannot refuse to sell <8> NEITHER/DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >K190< Next, I have a few factual questions about yourself. When you were 16 years old, in what type of place were you living? Were you living in open country but not on a farm, on a farm, in a small city or town, in a medium size city, in a suburb near a large city, or in a large city? <1> In open country but not on a farm <2> On a farm <3> In a small city or town (under 50,000) <4> In a medium-size city (50,000-250,000) <5> In a suburb near a large city <6> In a large city (over 250,000) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >K195< In what state or foreign country were you living when you were 16 years old? (ENTER STATE, OR 98, OR 99, OR 0 FOR FOREIGN COUNTRY) <1> ALAB <10> FLOR <19> LOUS <28> NEBR <37> OKLA <46> VERM <2> ALAS <11> GEOR <20> MAIN <29> NEVD <38> OREG <47> VIRG <3> ARIZ <12> HAWI <21> MARY <30> N.H. <39> PENN <48> WASH <4> ARKS <13> IDAH <22> MASS <31> N.J. <40> R.I. <49> WVIR <5> CALI <14> ILLI <23> MICH <32> N.M. <41> S.C. <50> WISC <6> COLO <15> INDI <24> MINN <33> N.Y. <42> S.D. <51> WYOM <7> CONN <16> IOWA <25> MISS <34> N.C. <43> TENN <8> DELW <17> KANS <26> MISO <35> N.D. <44> TEX. <9> D.C. <18> KENT <27> MONT <36> OHIO <45> UTAH <0> FOREIGN COUNTRY (SPECIFY) <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >K198< (INTERVIEWER: THE RESPONDENT WAS LIVING IN: [RESPONSE FROM K195] AT AGE 16. OUR RECORDS SHOW THAT THE RESPONDENT CURRENTLY LIVES IN: [CURRENT STATE OF RESIDENCE]. IS THIS THE SAME AS THE STATE OR COUNTRY IN WHICH R GREW UP?) <1> YES ==> Go to Item K200 <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item K205 >K200< When you were 16 years old, were you living in the same city or town as you are now? (INTERVIEWER: WE WANT TO KNOW IF THE R LIVES IN THE SAME PLACE NOW AS WHEN SHE/HE WAS 16) <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >K205< Were you born in this country? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >K210< Were both your parents born in this country? (THIS QUESTION REFERS TO R'S BIOLOGICAL FAMILY!) <1> YES ==> Go to Item K215 <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item K215 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K215 ==> Procede to the Next Item >210a< Was your mother born in the U.S.? (THIS QUESTION REFERS TO R'S BIOLOGICAL FAMILY !) <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >210b< Was your father born in the U.S.? (THIS QUESTION REFERS TO R'S BIOLOGICAL FAMILY !) <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >K215< Were all of your four grandparents born in this country? (THIS QUESTION REFERS TO R'S BIOLOGICAL FAMILY !) <1> YES ==> Go to Item K225 <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item K225 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K225 ==> Procede to the Next Item >K220< How many were born outside the United States? <1-4> Number of Grandparents <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >K225< From what countries or part of the world did your ancestors come? (ENTER FIRST RESPONSE) <1> AFRICA <13> GERMANY <25> POLAND <2> AMERICAN INDIAN <14> GREECE <26> PORTUGUAL <3> AUSTRIA <15> HUNGARY <27> PUERTO RICO <4> BELGIUM <16> INDIA <28> RUMANIA <5> CANADA (FRENCH) <17> IRELAND <29> RUSSIA (USSR) <6> CANADA (OTHER) <18> ITALY <30> SCOTLAND <7> CHINA <19> JAPAN <31> SPAIN <8> CZECHOSLOVAKIA <20> LITHUANIA <32> SWEDEN <9> DENMARK <21> MEXICO <33> SWITZERLAND <10> ENGLAND/WALES <22> NETHERLANDS <34> YUGOSLAVIA <11> FINLAND <23> NORWAY <12> FRANCE <24>PHILIPPINES <0> Other (SPECIFY) <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item K250 <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K250 ==> Procede to the Next Item >K230< (From what countries or part of the world did your ancestors come?) (ENTER SECOND RESPONSE) <1> AFRICA <13> GERMANY <25> POLAND <2> AMERICAN INDIAN <14> GREECE <26> PORTUGUAL <3> AUSTRIA <15> HUNGARY <27> PUERTO RICO <4> BELGIUM <16> INDIA <28> RUMANIA <5> CANADA (FRENCH) <17> IRELAND <29> RUSSIA (USSR) <6> CANADA (OTHER) <18> ITALY <30> SCOTLAND <7> CHINA <19> JAPAN <31> SPAIN <8> CZECHOSLOVAKIA <20> LITHUANIA <32> SWEDEN <9> DENMARK <21> MEXICO <33> SWITZERLAND <10> ENGLAND/WALES <22> NETHERLANDS <34> YUGOSLAVIA <11> FINLAND <23> NORWAY <12> FRANCE <24>PHILIPPINES <0> Other (SPECIFY) <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item K240 <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K250 <88> NO SECOND RESPONSE (ONLY GAVE ONE COUNTRY)==> Go to Item K250 ==> Procede to the Next Item >K235< (From what countries or part of the world did your ancestors come?) (ENTER THIRD RESPONSE) <1> AFRICA <13> GERMANY <25> POLAND <2> AMERICAN INDIAN <14> GREECE <26> PORTUGUAL <3> AUSTRIA <15> HUNGARY <27> PUERTO RICO <4> BELGIUM <16> INDIA <28> RUMANIA <5> CANADA (FRENCH) <17> IRELAND <29> RUSSIA (USSR) <6> CANADA (OTHER) <18> ITALY <30> SCOTLAND <7> CHINA <19> JAPAN <31> SPAIN <8> CZECHOSLOVAKIA <20> LITHUANIA <32> SWEDEN <9> DENMARK <21> MEXICO <33> SWITZERLAND <10> ENGLAND/WALES <22> NETHERLANDS <34> YUGOSLAVIA <11> FINLAND <23> NORWAY <12> FRANCE <24>PHILIPPINES <0> Other (SPECIFY) <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item K240 <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item 240] <88> NO THIRD RESPONSE (ONLY GAVE TWO COUNTRIES) ==> Go to Item K240 ==> Procede to the Next Item >K240< Which one of these countries do you feel closer to? <1> AFRICA <13> GERMANY <25> POLAND <2> AMERICAN INDIAN <14> GREECE <26> PORTUGUAL <3> AUSTRIA <15> HUNGARY <27> PUERTO RICO <4> BELGIUM <16> INDIA <28> RUMANIA <5> CANADA (FRENCH) <17> IRELAND <29> RUSSIA (USSR) <6> CANADA (OTHER) <18> ITALY <30> SCOTLAND <7> CHINA <19> JAPAN <31> SPAIN <8> CZECHOSLOVAKIA <20> LITHUANIA <32> SWEDEN <9> DENMARK <21> MEXICO <33> SWITZERLAND <10> ENGLAND/WALES <22> NETHERLANDS <34> YUGOSLAVIA <11> FINLAND <23> NORWAY <12> FRANCE <24>PHILIPPINES <0> Other (SPECIFY) <77> NONE, DOESN'T FEEL CLOSER TO ANY OF THESE <88> CAN'T DECIDE ON ONE COUNTRY <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >K250< What is your religious preference? Is it Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, some other religion or no religion at all? <1> Protestant ==> Go to Item K255 <2> Catholic ==> Go to Item K300 <3> Jewish ==> Go to Item K295 <4> None ==> Go to Item K305 <5> Other (SPECIFY RELIGION AND/OR CHURCH DENOMINATION) ==> Go to Item K300 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item K305 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K305 ==> Procede to the Next Item >K255< What specific denomination is that, if any? (INTERVIEWER: PROBE FOR COMPLETE NAME OF DENOMINATION) <1> Baptist ==> Go to Item K260 <2> Methodist ==> Go to Item K265 <3> Lutheran ==> Go to Item K270 <4> Presbyterian ==> Go to Item K280 <5> Episcopal ==> Go to Item K290 <6> No denomination given or non-denominational church ==> Go to Item K300 <0> OTHER (SPECIFY) ==> Go to Item K300 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item K300 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K300 ==> Procede to the Next Item >K260< What specific denomination of BAPTISTS is that, if any? <10> American Baptist Association <11> American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A <12> National Baptist Convention of America <13> National Baptist Convention, U.S.A., Inc <14> Southern Baptist Convention <0> Other Baptist Churches (SPECIFY) <18> Baptist, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K300 >K265< What specific denomination of METHODISTS is that, if any? <20> African Methodist Episcopal Church <21> African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church <22> United Methodist Church <0> Other Methodist Churches (SPECIFY) <28> Methodist, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K300 >K270< What specific denomination of LUTHERANS is that, if any? <30> American Lutheran Church <31> Lutheran Church in America <32> Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod <33> Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod <0> Other Lutheran Churches (SPECIFY) <35> Evangelical Lutheran Church of America ==> Go to Item K275 <38> Lutheran, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K300 >K275< Do you know the name of your denomination prior to the merger? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Go to Item K300 >K280< What specific denomination of PRESBYTERIANS is that, if any? <40> Presbyterian Church in the United States <41> United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America <0> Other Presbyterian Churches (SPECIFY) <43> Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) ==> Go to Item K285 <48> Presbyterian, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K300 >K285< Do you know the name of your denomination prior to the merger? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Go to Item K300 >K290< What specific denomination of EPISCOPALIANS is that, if any? <50> Episcopal Church <0> Other (SPECIFY) <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K300 >K295< Do you consider yourself Orthodox, Conservative, Reform or none of these? <1> Orthodox <2> Conservative <3> Reform <4> None of these <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >K300< Would you call yourself a strong member of that faith or not a very strong member of that faith? <1> Strong <2> SOMEWHAT STRONG (DO NOT READ) <3> Not very strong <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >K305< In what religion were you raised? <1> Protestant <2> Catholic ==> Go to Item K355 <3> Jewish ==> Go to Item K350 <4> None ==> Go to Item K355 <5> Other (SPECIFY RELIGION AND/OR CHURCH DENOMINATION)==> Go to Item K355 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item K355 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K355 ==> Procede to the Next Item >K310< What specific denomination is that, if any? (INTERVIEWER: PROBE FOR COMPLETE NAME OF DENOMINATION) <1> Baptist ==> Go to Item K315 <2> Methodist ==> Go to Item K320 <3> Lutheran ==> Go to Item K325 <4> Presbyterian ==> Go to Item K335 <5> Episcopal ==> Go to Item K345 <6> No denomination given or non-denominational church ==> Go to item K355 <0> OTHER (SPECIFY) ==> Go to Item K355 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item K355 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K355 ==> Procede to the Next Item >K315< What specific denomination of BAPTISTS is that, if any? <10> American Baptist Association <11> American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A <12> National Baptist Convention of America <13> National Baptist Convention, U.S.A., Inc <14> Southern Baptist Convention <0> Other Baptist Churches (SPECIFY) <18> Baptist, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K355 >K320< What specific denomination of METHODISTS is that, if any? <20> African Methodist Episcopal Church <21> African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church <22> United Methodist Church <0> Other Methodist Churches (SPECIFY) <28> Methodist, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K355 >K325< What specific denomination of LUTHERANS is that, if any? <30> American Lutheran Church <31> Lutheran Church in America <32> Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod <33> Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod <0> Other Lutheran Churches (SPECIFY) <35> Evangelical Lutheran Church of America ==> Go to Item K330 <38> Lutheran, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K355 >K330< Do you know the name of your denomination prior to the merger? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Go to Item K355 >K335< What specific denomination of PRESBYTERIANS is that, if any? <40> Presbyterian Church in the United States <41> United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America <0> Other Presbyterian Churches (SPECIFY) <43> Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) ==> Go to Item K340 <48> Presbyterian, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K355 >K340< Do you know the name of your denomination prior to the merger? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Go to Item K355 >K345< What specific denomination of EPISCOPALIANS is that, if any? <50> Episcopal Church <0> Other (SPECIFY) <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item K355 >K350< Were you Orthodox, Conservative, Reform or none of these? <1> Orthodox <2> Conservative <3> Reform <4> None of these <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >K355< About how often, if at all, have you attended religious services during the past year? (ENTER NUMBER HERE AND UNIT ON NEXT SCREEN) <0> Never ==> Go to Item M240 <1-365> Number <888> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item M240 <999> REFUSED ==> Go to Item M240 ==> Procede to the Next Item >K357< (ENTER UNIT) <1> Day <2> Week <3> Month <4> Year <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M240< And now for a different topic. Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, Democrat, Independent, or what? <1> Republican ==> Go to Item M250 <2> Democrat ==> Go to Item M250 <3> Independent ==> Go to Item M255 <4> Other (SPECIFY) ==> Go to Item M255 <8> NO PREFERENCE/DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item M255 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item M255 ==> Procede to the Next Item >M250< Would you call yourself a strong [Republican/Democrat] or not a very strong [Republican/Democrat]? <1> Strong [Republican/Democrat] <2> Not very strong [Republican/Democrat] <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item M275 >M255< Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican or Democratic Party? <1> Republican <2> Democrat <8> NEITHER/DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M275< We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives. Consider a scale of views that people might hold, arranged from extremely liberal - point 1 - to extremely conservative - point 7. Where would you place yourself on this scale? <1> Extremely liberal <2> Liberal <3> Slightly liberal <4> Moderate, middle of the road <5> Slightly conservative <6> Conservative <7> Extremely conservative <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >m430< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 1, 4, or 7, then procede to item E10. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M430< I am going to name some institutions in this country. As far as the people running these institutions are concerned, would you say you have a great deal of confidence, only some confidence, or hardly any confidence at all in them? What about major companies? <1> A GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE <2> ONLY SOME CONFIDENCE <3> HARDLY ANY CONFIDENCE AT ALL <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M435< What about organized religion? (Would you say you have a great deal of confidence, only some confidence, or hardly any confidence at all?) <1> A GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE <2> ONLY SOME CONFIDENCE <3> HARDLY ANY CONFIDENCE AT ALL <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M440< What about education? (Would you say you have a great deal of confidence, only some confidence, or hardly any confidence at all?) <1> A GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE <2> ONLY SOME CONFIDENCE <3> HARDLY ANY CONFIDENCE AT ALL <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M445< What about the executive branch of the federal government? (Would you say you have a great deal of confidence, only some confidence, or hardly any confidence at all?) <1> A GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE <2> ONLY SOME CONFIDENCE <3> HARDLY ANY CONFIDENCE AT ALL <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M450< What about organized labor? (Would you say you have a great deal of confidence, only some confidence, or hardly any confidence at all?) <1> A GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE <2> ONLY SOME CONFIDENCE <3> HARDLY ANY CONFIDENCE AT ALL <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M455< What about the press? (Would you say you have a great deal of confidence, only some confidence, or hardly any confidence at all?) <1> A GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE <2> ONLY SOME CONFIDENCE <3> HARDLY ANY CONFIDENCE AT ALL <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M460< What about medicine? (Would you say you have a great deal of confidence, only some confidence, or hardly any confidence at all?) <1> A GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE <2> ONLY SOME CONFIDENCE <3> HARDLY ANY CONFIDENCE AT ALL <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M465< What about TV? (Would you say you have a great deal of confidence, only some confidence, or hardly any confidence at all?) <1> A GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE <2> ONLY SOME CONFIDENCE <3> HARDLY ANY CONFIDENCE AT ALL <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M470< What about the U. S. Supreme Court? (Would you say you have a great deal of confidence, only some confidence, or hardly any confidence at all?) <1> A GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE <2> ONLY SOME CONFIDENCE <3> HARDLY ANY CONFIDENCE AT ALL <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M475< What about the scientific community? (Would you say you have a great deal of confidence, only some confidence, or hardly any confidence at all?) <1> A GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE <2> ONLY SOME CONFIDENCE <3> HARDLY ANY CONFIDENCE AT ALL <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M480< What about Congress? (Would you say you have a great deal of confidence, only some confidence, or hardly any confidence at all?) <1> A GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE <2> ONLY SOME CONFIDENCE <3> HARDLY ANY CONFIDENCE AT ALL <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M485< What about the military? (Would you say you have a great deal of confidence, only some confidence, or hardly any confidence at all?) <1> A GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE <2> ONLY SOME CONFIDENCE <3> HARDLY ANY CONFIDENCE AT ALL <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M490< What about banks and financial institutions? (Would you say you have a great deal of confidence, only some confidence, or hardly any confidence at all?) <1> A GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE <2> ONLY SOME CONFIDENCE <3> HARDLY ANY CONFIDENCE AT ALL <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E10< Are you currently married, widowed, divorced, separated, or have you never been married? <1> Married <2> Widowed <3> Divorced ==> Go to Item E25 <4> Separated ==> Go To Item E25 <5> Never married ==> Go to Item E489 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E489 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E489 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E15< Have you ever been divorced or legally separated? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E20< If item E10 equals 2, indicating that the respondent's current marital status is widowed, the procede to item E30. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >E25< Have you ever been widowed? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E30< How old were you when you first married? <14-99> ENTER EXACT AGE <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E35< Have you been married more than once? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E40< If item E10 equals 1 and item E35 equals 2, 8, or 9, indicating that the respondent is married and has been married only once, then procede to item E90. If item E10 equals 4 and item E35 equals 2, 8, or 9, indicating that the respondent is currently separated but has been married only once, then procede to item E90. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >E45< Now, I have some questions about your first [husband/wife]. In what year was your [first/former] [husband/wife] born? <1880-1995> YEAR OF BIRTH <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E50< What is the highest grade in elementary school or high school that your [first/former] [husband/wife] finished and got credit for? (CODE EXACT GRADE.) <0> No formal school ==> Go to Item E80 <1-8> First Through Eighth Grade ==> Go to Item E80 <9-12> Ninth Through Twelfth <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E55< Did [he/she] ever get a high school diploma or a GED certificate? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E60< Did [he/she] ever complete one or more years of college for credit-not including schooling such as business college, technical or vocational school? (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item E80 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E80 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E80 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E65< How many years did [he/she] complete? <1> 1 YEAR <5> 5 YEARS <2> 2 YEARS <6> 6 YEARS <3> 3 YEARS <7> 7 YEARS <4> 4 YEARS <8> 8 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E70< Does [he/she] have any college degrees? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item E80 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E80 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E80 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E75< What degree or degrees? (CODE HIGHEST DEGREE EARNED) <1> Associate/Junior College <2> Bachelor's <3> Graduate (MA, MS, MSW, MBA, PhD, EdD, MD, DDS, JD, ETC) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E80< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that your [first/former] [husband/wife]'s father ever completed? (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st grade Through Twelfth Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E85< What is the highest grade or year of school that your [first/former] [husband/wife]'s mother ever completed? (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st grade Through twelfth Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E90< If item E10 equals 2 or 3, indicating that the respondent is currently widowed or divorced, then procede to item E489. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >e95< If item E35 equals 2, 8, or 9, indicating that the respondent has not been married more than once, then procede to item E100. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >E95< How old were you when your marriage began? <14-99> ENTER EXACT AGE <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E100< Now I have some questions about your [husband/wife]. In what year was your [husband/wife] born? <1880-1995> YEAR OF BIRTH <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E101< Has your [husband/wife] been married more than once? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E102< What is the highest grade in elementary school or high school that your [husband/wife] finished and got credit for? (CODE EXACT GRADE.) <0> No formal school ==> Go to Item E110 <1-8> First Through Eighth Grade ==> Go to Item E110 <9-12> Ninth Through Twelfth <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E103< Did [he/she] ever get a high school diploma or a GED certificate? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E104< Did [he/she] ever complete one or more years of college for credit - not including schooling such as business college, technical or vocational school? (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item E110 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E110 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E110 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E105< How many years did [he/she] complete? <1> 1 YEAR <5> 5 YEARS <2> 2 YEARS <6> 6 YEARS <3> 3 YEARS <7> 7 YEARS <4> 4 YEARS <8> 8 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E106< Does [he/she] have any college degrees? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item E110 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E110 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E110 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E107< What degree or degrees? (CODE HIGHEST DEGREE EARNED) <1> Associate/Junior College <2> Bachelor's <3> Graduate (MA, MS, MSW, MBA, PhD, EdD, MD, DDS, JD, ETC) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E110< Last week was your [husband/wife] working full-time, part-time, going to school, keeping house, or what? (CIRCLE ONE CODE ONLY. IF MORE THAN ONE RESPONSE, GIVE PREFERENCE TO SMALLEST CODE NUMBER THAT APPLIES.) <1> Working full-time <2> Working part-time <3> With a job, but not at work because of temporary illness, vacation, strike ==> Go to Item E120 <4> Unemployed, laid off, looking for work ==> Go to Item E130 <5> Retired ==> Go to Item E125 <6> In school ==> Go to Item E125 <7> Keeping house ==> Go to Item E125 <8> Other (SPECIFY)==> Go to Item E125 <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E115< How many hours did [he/she] work last week, at all jobs? <0-120> HOURS <888> DON'T KNOW <999> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E130 >E120< How many hours a week does [he/she] usually work, at all jobs? <0-120> HOURS <888> DON'T KNOW <999> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E130 >E125< Did [he/she] ever work for as long as one year? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item E215 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E215 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E215 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E130< What kind of work [does/did] your [husband/wife] normally do? That is, what [is/was] [his/her] job called? <1> R REPORTED OCCUPATION, ENTER RESPONSE <8> OCCUPATION NOT GIVEN ==> Go to Item E215 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E135< What [does/did] your [husband/wife] actually do in that job? Tell me what [are/were] some of [his/her] main duties? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >E140< What kind of place [does/did] your [husband/wife] work for? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >E145< What [do/did] they make or do? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >E150< [Is/Was] [he/she] self-employed or [does/did] [he/she] work for someone else? <1> SELF-EMPLOYED <2> SOMEONE ELSE <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E152< If item E110 equals 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, indicating that the respondent's spouse is not currently employed, then procede to item E175. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >E153< If item B120 is contains any valid code, indicating that the respondent was asked the series of questions about supervision, then procede to item E175. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >E155< [Does/Did] your [husband/wife] have a supervisor on [his/her] job to whom [he/she] [is/was] directly responsible? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item E165 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E165 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E165 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E160< [Does/Did] that person have a supervisor on the job to whom he or she [is/was] directly responsible? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E165< In your [husband/wife]'s job, [does/did] [he/she] supervise anyone who [is/was] directly responsible to [him/her]? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item E175 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E175 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E175 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E170< [Do/Did] any of those persons supervise anyone else? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E175< Did [he/she] earn any income from [his/her] current occupation in 1994? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item E215 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E215 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E215 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E180< In 1994, how much did [he/she] receive in WAGES, SALARIES, COMMISSIONS, and TIPS from [his/her] current occupation before taxes and other deductions? <0> None ==> Go to Item E215 <10-9999999> $10 to $9,999,999 ==> Go to Item E215 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E215 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E181< Would it amount to $25,000 or more? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item E183 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E215 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E182< $50,000 or more? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E215 >E183< $5,000 or more? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E215< Was your [husband/wife] living with both [his/her] own mother and father around the time [he/she] was 16? <1> YES ==> Go to Item E217 <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E280 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E280 ==> Go to Item E220 >E217< [store <1> in E220] ==> Go to Item sdad >E220< With whom was [he/she] living around that time? (IF SPOUSE MARRIED OR LEFT HOME BY AGE 16, PROBE FOR BEFORE THAT.) <1> Both own mother and father <2> Father and stepmother <3> Mother and stepfather <4> Father - No mother or stepmother <5> Mother - No father or stepfather ==> Go to Item E230 <6> Some other male relative (No female head)(SPECIFY) <7> Some other female relative (No male head) (SPECIFY) ==> Go to Item E230 <8> Other arrangement with both male and female relatives (e.g., aunt and uncle, grandparents) <0> Other (SPECIFY) ==> Go to Item E280 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E280 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E225< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that your [husband/wife]'s [father or male substitute] ever completed? (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st grade Through twelfth Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E230< If item E220 equals 4 or 6, indicating that the respondent's spouse did not live with his or her mother or a female substitute at age 16, then procede to item E240. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >E235< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that your [husband/wife]'s [mother or female substitute] ever completed? (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st grade Through Twelfth Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E240< If item E220 equals 4 or 6, indicating that the respondent's spouse did not live with his or her mother or a female substitute at age 16, then procede to item E280. Otherwise, procede to the next item. This is a programming error. >E250< Now we would like to find out what kind of work your [husband/wife]'s [head of household] did when your [husband/wife] was about 16 years old. What kind of work was your [husband/wife]'s [head of household] doing? That is, what was [his/her] job called? <1> R REPORTED OCCUPATION, ENTER RESPONSE <8> OCCUPATION NOT GIVEN ==> Go to Item E280 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E255< What did [he/she] actually do in that job? Tell me what were some of [his/her] main duties? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >E260< What kind of place did [he/she] work for? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >E265< What did they make or do? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >E270< Was [he/she] self-employed or did [he/she] work for someone else? <1> SELF-EMPLOYED <2> SOMEONE ELSE <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E280< Was your [husband/wife] born in this country? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E285< Were both of your [husband/wife]'s parents born in this country? (THIS QUESTION REFERS TO R'S BIOLOGICAL FAMILY !) <1> YES ==> Go to Item E290 <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E290 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E290 ==> Procede to the Next Item >290a< Was your [husband/wife]'s mother born in the U.S.? (THIS QUESTION REFERS TO R'S BIOLOGICAL FAMILY !) <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >290b< Was your [husband/wife]'s father born in the U.S.? (THIS QUESTION REFERS TO R'S BIOLOGICAL FAMILY !) <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E290< Were all of your [husband/wife]'s four grandparents born in this country? (THIS QUESTION REFERS TO R'S BIOLOGICAL FAMILY !) <1> YES ==> Go to Item E300 <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E300 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E300 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E295< How many were born outside the United States? <1-4> Number of Grandparents <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E300< From what countries or part of the world did your [husband/wife]'s ancestors come? (ENTER FIRST RESPONSE) <1> AFRICA <13> GERMANY <25> POLAND <2> AMERICAN INDIAN <14> GREECE <26> PORTUGUAL <3> AUSTRIA <15> HUNGARY <27> PUERTO RICO <4> BELGIUM <16> INDIA <28> RUMANIA <5> CANADA (FRENCH) <17> IRELAND <29> RUSSIA (USSR) <6> CANADA (OTHER) <18> ITALY <30> SCOTLAND <7> CHINA <19> JAPAN <31> SPAIN <8> CZECHOSLOVAKIA <20> LITHUANIA <32> SWEDEN <9> DENMARK <21> MEXICO <33> SWITZERLAND <10> ENGLAND/WALES <22> NETHERLANDS <34> YUGOSLAVIA <11> FINLAND <23> NORWAY <12> FRANCE <24>PHILIPPINES <0> Other (SPECIFY) <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E320 <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E320 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E305< (From what countries or part of the world did your [husband/wife]'s ancestors come?) (ENTER SECOND RESPONSE) <1> AFRICA <13> GERMANY <25> POLAND <2> AMERICAN INDIAN <14> GREECE <26> PORTUGUAL <3> AUSTRIA <15> HUNGARY <27> PUERTO RICO <4> BELGIUM <16> INDIA <28> RUMANIA <5> CANADA (FRENCH) <17> IRELAND <29> RUSSIA (USSR) <6> CANADA (OTHER) <18> ITALY <30> SCOTLAND <7> CHINA <19> JAPAN <31> SPAIN <8> CZECHOSLOVAKIA <20> LITHUANIA <32> SWEDEN <9> DENMARK <21> MEXICO <33> SWITZERLAND <10> ENGLAND/WALES <22> NETHERLANDS <34> YUGOSLAVIA <11> FINLAND <23> NORWAY <12> FRANCE <24>PHILIPPINES <0> Other (SPECIFY) <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E315 <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E315 <88> NO SECOND RESPONSE (ONLY GAVE ONE COUNTRY)==> Go to Item E320 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E310< (From what countries or part of the world did your [husband/wife]'s ancestors come?) (ENTER THIRD RESPONSE) <1> AFRICA <13> GERMANY <25> POLAND <2> AMERICAN INDIAN <14> GREECE <26> PORTUGUAL <3> AUSTRIA <15> HUNGARY <27> PUERTO RICO <4> BELGIUM <16> INDIA <28> RUMANIA <5> CANADA (FRENCH) <17> IRELAND <29> RUSSIA (USSR) <6> CANADA (OTHER) <18> ITALY <30> SCOTLAND <7> CHINA <19> JAPAN <31> SPAIN <8> CZECHOSLOVAKIA <20> LITHUANIA <32> SWEDEN <9> DENMARK <21> MEXICO <33> SWITZERLAND <10> ENGLAND/WALES <22> NETHERLANDS <34> YUGOSLAVIA <11> FINLAND <23> NORWAY <12> FRANCE <24>PHILIPPINES <0> Other (SPECIFY) <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E315 <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E315 <88> NO THIRD RESPONSE (ONLY GAVE TWO COUNTRIES)==> Go to Item E315 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E315< Which one of these countries does your [husband/wife] feel closer to? <1> AFRICA <13> GERMANY <25> POLAND <2> AMERICAN INDIAN <14> GREECE <26> PORTUGUAL <3> AUSTRIA <15> HUNGARY <27> PUERTO RICO <4> BELGIUM <16> INDIA <28> RUMANIA <5> CANADA (FRENCH) <17> IRELAND <29> RUSSIA (USSR) <6> CANADA (OTHER) <18> ITALY <30> SCOTLAND <7> CHINA <19> JAPAN <31> SPAIN <8> CZECHOSLOVAKIA <20> LITHUANIA <32> SWEDEN <9> DENMARK <21> MEXICO <33> SWITZERLAND <10> ENGLAND/WALES <22> NETHERLANDS <34> YUGOSLAVIA <11> FINLAND <23> NORWAY <12> FRANCE <24>PHILIPPINES <0> Other (SPECIFY) <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED <77> NONE, DOESN'T FEEL CLOSER TO ANY OF THESE <88> CAN'T DECIDE ON ONE COUNTRY ==> Procede to the Next Item >E320< What race does your [husband/wife] consider [himself/herself]? <1> White <2> Black <3> Other (SPECIFY) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E325< What is your [husband/wife]'s religious preference? Is it Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, some other religion or no religion at all? <1> Protestant <2> Catholic ==> Go to Item E375 <3> Jewish ==> Go to Item E370 <4> None ==> Go to Item E375 <5> Other (SPECIFY RELIGION AND/OR CHURCH DENOMINATION) ==> Go to Item E375 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E375 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E375 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E330< What specific denomination is that, if any? (INTERVIEWER: PROBE FOR COMPLETE NAME OF DENOMINATION) <1> Baptist ==> Go to Item E335 <2> Methodist ==> Go to Item E340 <3> Lutheran ==> Go to Item E345 <4> Presbyterian ==> Go to Item E355 <5> Episcopal ==> Go to Item E365 <6> No denomination given or non-denominational church ==> Go to item E375 <0> OTHER (SPECIFY) ==> Go to Item E375 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E375 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E375 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E335< What specific denomination of BAPTISTS is that, if any? <10> American Baptist Association <11> American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A <12> National Baptist Convention of America <13> National Baptist Convention, U.S.A., Inc <14> Southern Baptist Convention <0> Other Baptist Churches (SPECIFY) <18> Baptist, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E375 >E340< What specific denomination of METHODISTS is that, if any? <20> African Methodist Episcopal Church <21> African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church <22> United Methodist Church <2> Other Methodist Churches (SPECIFY) <28> Methodist, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E375 >E345< What specific denomination of LUTHERANS is that, if any? <30> American Lutheran Church <31> Lutheran Church in America <32> Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod <33> Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod <3> Other Lutheran Churches (SPECIFY) <35> Evangelical Lutheran Church of America ==> Go to Item E350 <38> Lutheran, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E375 >E350< Do you know the name of [his/her] denomination prior to the merger? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Go to Item E375 >E355< What specific denomination of PRESBYTERIANS is that, if any? <40> Presbyterian Church in the United States <41> United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America <4> Other Presbyterian Churches (SPECIFY) <43> Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) ==> Go to Item E360 <48> Presbyterian, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E375 >E360< Do you know the name of [his/her] denomination prior to the merger? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Go to Item E375 >E365< What specific denomination of EPISCOPALIANS is that, if any? <50> Episcopal Church <6> Other (SPECIFY) <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E375 >E370< Does [he/she] consider [himself/herself] Orthodox, Conservative, Reform or none of these? <1> Orthodox <2> Conservative <3> Reform <4> None of these <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E375< In what religion was your [husband/wife] raised? Was it Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, some other religion or no religion at all? <1> Protestant <2> Catholic ==> Go to Item E425 <3> Jewish ==> Go to Item E420 <4> None ==> Go to Item E425 <5> Other (SPECIFY RELIGION AND/OR CHURCH DENOMINATION) ==> Go to Item E425 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E425 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E425 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E380< What specific denomination is that, if any? (INTERVIEWER: PROBE FOR COMPLETE NAME OF DENOMINATION) <1> Baptist ==> Go to Item E385 <2> Methodist ==> Go to Item E390 <3> Lutheran ==> Go to Item E395 <4> Presbyterian ==> Go to Item E405 <5> Episcopal ==> Go to Item E415 <6> No denomination given or non-denominational church ==> Go to item E425 <0> OTHER (SPECIFY) ==> Go to Item E425 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E425 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E425 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E385< What specific denomination of BAPTISTS is that, if any? <10> American Baptist Association <11> American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A <12> National Baptist Convention of America <13> National Baptist Convention, U.S.A., Inc <14> Southern Baptist Convention <0> Other Baptist Churches (SPECIFY) <18> Baptist, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E425 >E390< What specific denomination of METHODISTS is that, if any? <20> African Methodist Episcopal Church <21> African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church <22> United Methodist Church <0> Other Methodist Churches (SPECIFY) <28> Methodist, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E425 >E395< What specific denomination of LUTHERANS is that, if any? <30> American Lutheran Church <31> Lutheran Church in America <32> Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod <33> Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod <0> Other Lutheran Churches (SPECIFY) <35> Evangelical Lutheran Church of America ==> Go to Item E400 <38> Lutheran, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E425 >E400< Do you know the name of [his/her] denomination prior to the merger? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Go to Item E425 >E405< What specific denomination of PRESBYTERIANS is that, if any? <40> Presbyterian Church in the United States <41> United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America <0> Other Presbyterian Churches (SPECIFY) <43> Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) ==> Go to Item E410 <48> Presbyterian, Don't know which <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E425 >E410< Do you know the name of [his/her] denomination prior to the merger? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Go to Item E425 >E415< What specific denomination of EPISCOPALIANS is that, if any? <50> Episcopal Church <6> Other (SPECIFY) <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E425 >E420< Does [he/she] consider [himself/herself] Orthodox, Conservative, Reform or none of these? <1> Orthodox <2> Conservative <3> Reform <4> None of these <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E425< How many brothers does your [husband/wife] have? (Count those born alive, but no longer living, as well as those alive now. Also include stepbrothers and children adopted by [his/her] parents.) <0> None ==> Go to Item E427 <1-30> Number of brothers <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E427 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E426< How many of these brothers were born before your [husband/wife]? <0> No brothers born before [husband/wife] <1-30> Number of brothers born before [husband/wife] <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Procede to the Next Item >E427< How many sisters does your [husband/wife] have? (Count those born alive, but no longer living, as well as those alive now. Also include stepsisters and children adopted by [his/her] parents.) <0> None ==> Go to Item E489 [NOTE: This is a programming error] <1-30> Number of sisters <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E489 [Note: This is a programming error] ==> Procede to the Next Item >E428< How many of these sisters were born before your [husband/wife]? <0> No sisters born before [husband/wife] <1-30> Number of sisters born before [husband/wife] <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Procede to the Next Item >E430< Please think about your [husband/wife]'s brother or sister (THE RESPONDENT'S BROTHER-IN-LAW OR SISTER-IN LAW) who is closest in age to [him/her]. Include brothers and sisters who are no longer living. What is that person's name? ==> Procede to the Next Item >E435< Is [reference person] still alive? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E440< ([Is/Was] [reference person] male or female?) <1> MALE <2> FEMALE <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E445< Was [reference person] born before or after your [husband/wife]? <1> Before <2> After <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E460 [NOTE: This is a programming error] <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E460 [NOTE: This is a programming error] ==> Procede to the Next Item >E455< How many years [before/after]? <0-50> Number of Years <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E458< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [reference person] ever completed? (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> NO formal school <1-12> 1st grade Through Twelfth Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E459< If item E435 does not equal 1, indicating that the respondent's spouse's sibling is not alive, go to item E463. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >E460< And now I'd like to ask about [reference person]'s work. Is [he/she] currently working at a paid job? <1> YES ==> Go to Item E461 <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E462< Does [reference person] do any work at all, even if it's only a part time job? Include unpaid work of 15 or more hours per week in a family business or farm. <1> YES ==> Go to Item E461 <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E463< Did [reference person] ever work at one job for as long as one year? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item E489 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item E489 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item E489 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E465< What kind of work [does/did] [he/she] normally do? That is, what [is/was] [his/her] job called? <1> R REPORTED OCCUPATION, ENTER RESPONSE <8> OCCUPATION NOT GIVEN ==> Go to Item E489 ==> Procede to the Next Item >E470< What [does/did] [he/she] actually do in that job? Tell me what [are/were] some of [his/her] main duties? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >E475< What kind of place [does/did] [he/she] work for? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >E480< What [do/did] they make or do? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >E485< [Is/Was] [he/she] self-employed or [does/did] [he/she] work for someone else? <1> SELF-EMPLOYED <2> SOMEONE ELSE <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >E489< And now for a different topic. Do you belong to a labor union? <1> YES, Respondent Belongs <2> No, Respondent DOES NOT Belong <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >e490< If item E10 is not equal to 1, indicating that the respondent is not currently married, then procede to item M214. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >E490< Does your [husband/wife] belong to a labor union? <1> YES, Spouse Belongs <2> No, Spouse DOES NOT Belong <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M214< If item E10 does not equal 1, indicating that the respondent is not currently married, then procede to item M220. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M215< Taking things all together, how would you describe your marriage? Would you say that your marriage is very happy, pretty happy, or not too happy? <1> Very happy <2> Pretty happy <3> Not too happy <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M220< Taken all together, how would you say things are these days - would you say that you are very happy, pretty happy, or not too happy? <1> Very happy <2> Pretty happy <3> Not too happy <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M223< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 3, 6, or 9, then procede to item D10. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M225< What do you think is the ideal number of children for a family to have? <0-6> Zero Through Six <7> Seven or More <8> As Many as You Want <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M230< Should divorce in this country be easier or more difficult to obtain than it is now? <1> Easier <2> More difficult <3> STAY AS IS (VOLUNTEERED) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M100< Tell me if you agree or disagree with the following statements: Most men are better suited emotionally for politics than are most women. <1> Agree <2> Disagree <8> NOT SURE/DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M105< (Do you agree or disagree with this statement?) Women should take care of running their homes and leave running the country up to men. <1> Agree <2> Disagree <8> NOT SURE/DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M110< Do you approve or disapprove of a married woman earning money in business or industry if she has a husband capable of supporting her? <1> APPROVE <2> DISAPPROVE <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M115< If your party nominated a woman for President, would you vote for her if she were qualified for the job? <1> YES <2> NO <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M120< Now I'm going to read several more statements. As I read each one, please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with it. For example, here is the statement: A working mother can establish just as warm and secure a relationship with her children as a mother who does not work. <1> Strongly Agree <2> Agree <3> Disagree <4> Strongly Disagree <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M125< It is more important for a wife to help her husband's career than to have one herself. (Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with it.) <1> Strongly Agree <2> Agree <3> Disagree <4> Strongly Disagree <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M130< A preschool child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works. (Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with it.) <1> Strongly Agree <2> Agree <3> Disagree <4> Strongly Disagree <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M135< It is much better for everyone involved if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home and family. (Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with it.) <1> Strongly Agree <2> Agree <3> Disagree <4> Strongly Disagree <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M569< [if form eq <3>] ==> Go to Item tm40 [endif] [if form eq <6>] ==> Go to Item tm40 [endif] [if form eq <9>] ==> Go to Item tm40 [endif] >M570< Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree that it is sometimes necessary to discipline a child with a good, hard spanking? <1> Strongly agree <2> Agree <3> Disagree <4> Strongly disagree <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >D10< How many children have you ever [fathered/given birth to], including children that were born alive, but are no longer living. <0> None ==> Go to Item D16 <1-14> One through Fourteen <15> Fifteen or more <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >D15< How old were you when your first child was born? <14-99> Age <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >D16< Have you ever adopted any children? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item D18 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item D18 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item D18 ==> Procede to the Next Item >D17< How many children have you ever adopted? <1-19> <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >D18< Do you have any step-children? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item D19z <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item D19z <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item D19z ==> Procede to the Next Item >D19< How many step-children do you have? <1-19> <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item D19z <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item D19z ==> Procede to the Next Item >D19z< Based on the responses to items D10, D16, and D18, procede to item M73 if the respondent has no children. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >N01< Now I have some questions about your children. These include all of your biological, step, or adopted children. Let's start with the oldest and work down to the youngest. What is your oldest child's first name? (ENTER CHILD 1'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >O01< (Is [child 1] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED <0> RESPONDENT SAYS HE/SHE HAS NO CHILDREN ==> Go to Item M73 ==> Procede to the Next Item >P01< In what year was [Child 1] born? (INTERVIEWER: IF R DOES NOT KNOW THE EXACT YEAR PROBE FOR THEIR BEST GUESS. PLEASE MAKE A NOTE OF THIS IN ADDITION TO ENTERING THE ESTIMATED YEAR.) <1880-1995> YEAR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >S01< Is [Child 1] your biological, step, or adopted child? <1> Biological <2> Step <3> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >T01< Is [Child 1] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >U01< If item P01 is greater than 1976, indicating that Child 1 is not yet 18, then procede to item W01. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >V01< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [Child 1] ever completed? (CODE EXACT GRADE) (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st through 12th Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >W01< If, based on responses to items D10, D16, and D18, the respondent has only one child, then procede to item D605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >N02< What is your second oldest child's first name? (ENTER CHILD 2'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >O02< (Is [child 2] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED <0> RESPONDENT SAYS HE/SHE HAS NO MORE CHILDREN ==> Go to Item D605 ==> Procede to the Next Item >P02< In what year was [Child 2] born? (INTERVIEWER: IF R DOES NOT KNOW THE EXACT YEAR PROBE FOR THEIR BEST GUESS. PLEASE MAKE A NOTE OF THIS IN ADDITION TO ENTERING THE ESTIMATED YEAR.) <1880-1995> YEAR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >S02< Is [Child 2] your biological, step, or adopted child? <1> Biological <2> Step <3> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >T02< Is [Child 2] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >U02< If item P02 is greater than 1976, indicating that Child 2 is not yet 18, then procede to item W02. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >V02< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [Child 2] ever completed? (CODE EXACT GRADE) (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st through 12th Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >W02< If, based on responses to items D10, D16, and D18, the respondent has only two children, then procede to item D605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >N03< What is your third oldest child's first name? (ENTER CHILD 3'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >O03< (Is [child 3] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED <0> RESPONDENT SAYS HE/SHE HAS NO MORE CHILDREN ==> Go to Item D605 ==> Procede to the Next Item >P03< In what year was [Child 3] born? (INTERVIEWER: IF R DOES NOT KNOW THE EXACT YEAR PROBE FOR THEIR BEST GUESS. PLEASE MAKE A NOTE OF THIS IN ADDITION TO ENTERING THE ESTIMATED YEAR.) <1880-1995> YEAR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >S03< Is [Child 3] your biological, step, or adopted child? <1> Biological <2> Step <3> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >T03< Is [Child 3] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >U03< If item P03 is greater than 1976, indicating that Child 3 is not yet 18, then procede to item W03. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >V03< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [Child 3] ever completed? (CODE EXACT GRADE) (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st through 12th Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >W03< If, based on responses to items D10, D16, and D18, the respondent has only three children, then procede to item D605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >N04< What is your fourth oldest child's first name? (ENTER CHILD 4'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >O04< (Is [child 4] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED <0> RESPONDENT SAYS HE/SHE HAS NO MORE CHILDREN ==> Go to Item D605 ==> Procede to the Next Item >P04< In what year was [Child 4] born? (INTERVIEWER: IF R DOES NOT KNOW THE EXACT YEAR PROBE FOR THEIR BEST GUESS. PLEASE MAKE A NOTE OF THIS IN ADDITION TO ENTERING THE ESTIMATED YEAR.) <1880-1995> YEAR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >S04< Is [Child 4] your biological, step, or adopted child? <1> Biological <2> Step <3> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >T04< Is [Child 4] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >U04< If item P04 is greater than 1976, indicating that Child 4 is not yet 18, then procede to item W04. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >V04< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [Child 4] ever completed? (CODE EXACT GRADE) (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st through 12th Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >W04< If, based on responses to items D10, D16, and D18, the respondent has only four children, then procede to item D605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >N05< What is your fifth oldest child's first name? (ENTER CHILD 5'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >O05< (Is [child 5] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED <0> RESPONDENT SAYS HE/SHE HAS NO MORE CHILDREN ==> Go to Item D605 ==> Procede to the Next Item >P05< In what year was [Child 5] born? (INTERVIEWER: IF R DOES NOT KNOW THE EXACT YEAR PROBE FOR THEIR BEST GUESS. PLEASE MAKE A NOTE OF THIS IN ADDITION TO ENTERING THE ESTIMATED YEAR.) <1880-1995> YEAR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >S05< Is [Child 5] your biological, step, or adopted child? <1> Biological <2> Step <3> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >T05< Is [Child 5] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >U05< If item P05 is greater than 1976, indicating that Child 5 is not yet 18, then procede to item W05. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >V05< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [Child 5] ever completed? (CODE EXACT GRADE) (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st through 12th Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >W05< If, based on responses to items D10, D16, and D18, the respondent has only five children, then procede to item D605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >N06< What is your sixth oldest child's first name? (ENTER CHILD 6'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >O06< (Is [child 6] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED <0> RESPONDENT SAYS HE/SHE HAS NO MORE CHILDREN ==> Go to Item D605 ==> Procede to the Next Item >P06< In what year was [Child 6] born? (INTERVIEWER: IF R DOES NOT KNOW THE EXACT YEAR PROBE FOR THEIR BEST GUESS. PLEASE MAKE A NOTE OF THIS IN ADDITION TO ENTERING THE ESTIMATED YEAR.) <1880-1995> YEAR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >S06< Is [Child 6] your biological, step, or adopted child? <1> Biological <2> Step <3> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >T06< Is [Child 6] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >U06< If item P06 is greater than 1976, indicating that Child 6 is not yet 18, then procede to item W06. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >V06< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [Child 6] ever completed? (CODE EXACT GRADE) (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st through 12th Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >W06< If, based on responses to items D10, D16, and D18, the respondent has only six children, then procede to item D605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >N07< What is your seventh oldest child's first name? (ENTER CHILD 7'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >O07< (Is [child 7] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED <0> RESPONDENT SAYS HE/SHE HAS NO MORE CHILDREN ==> Go to Item D605 ==> Procede to the Next Item >P07< In what year was [Child 7] born? (INTERVIEWER: IF R DOES NOT KNOW THE EXACT YEAR PROBE FOR THEIR BEST GUESS. PLEASE MAKE A NOTE OF THIS IN ADDITION TO ENTERING THE ESTIMATED YEAR.) <1880-1995> YEAR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >S07< Is [Child 7] your biological, step, or adopted child? <1> Biological <2> Step <3> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >T07< Is [Child 7] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >U07< If item P07 is greater than 1976, indicating that Child 7 is not yet 18, then procede to item W07. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >V07< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [Child 7] ever completed? (CODE EXACT GRADE) (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st through 12th Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >W07< If, based on responses to items D10, D16, and D18, the respondent has only seven children, then procede to item D605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >N08< What is your eighth oldest child's first name? (ENTER CHILD 8'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >O08< (Is [child 8] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED <0> RESPONDENT SAYS HE/SHE HAS NO MORE CHILDREN ==> Go to Item D605 ==> Procede to the Next Item >P08< In what year was [Child 8] born? (INTERVIEWER: IF R DOES NOT KNOW THE EXACT YEAR PROBE FOR THEIR BEST GUESS. PLEASE MAKE A NOTE OF THIS IN ADDITION TO ENTERING THE ESTIMATED YEAR.) <1880-1995> YEAR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >S08< Is [Child 8] your biological, step, or adopted child? <1> Biological <2> Step <3> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >T08< Is [Child 8] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >U08< If item P08 is greater than 1976, indicating that Child 8 is not yet 18, then procede to item W08. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >V08< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [Child 6] ever completed? (CODE EXACT GRADE) (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st through 12th Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >W08< If, based on responses to items D10, D16, and D18, the respondent has only eight children, then procede to item D605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >N09< What is your ninth oldest child's first name? (ENTER CHILD 9'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >O09< (Is [child 9] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED <0> RESPONDENT SAYS HE/SHE HAS NO MORE CHILDREN ==> Go to Item D605 ==> Procede to the Next Item >P09< In what year was [Child 9] born? (INTERVIEWER: IF R DOES NOT KNOW THE EXACT YEAR PROBE FOR THEIR BEST GUESS. PLEASE MAKE A NOTE OF THIS IN ADDITION TO ENTERING THE ESTIMATED YEAR.) <1880-1995> YEAR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >S09< Is [Child 9] your biological, step, or adopted child? <1> Biological <2> Step <3> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >T09< Is [Child 9] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >U09< If item P09 is greater than 1976, indicating that Child 9 is not yet 18, then procede to item W09. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >V09< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [Child 9] ever completed? (CODE EXACT GRADE) (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st through 12th Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >W09< If, based on responses to items D10, D16, and D18, the respondent has only nine children, then procede to item D605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >N10< What is your tenth oldest child's first name? (ENTER CHILD 10'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >O10< (Is [child 10] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED <0> RESPONDENT SAYS HE/SHE HAS NO MORE CHILDREN ==> Go to Item D605 ==> Procede to the Next Item >P10< In what year was [Child 10] born? (INTERVIEWER: IF R DOES NOT KNOW THE EXACT YEAR PROBE FOR THEIR BEST GUESS. PLEASE MAKE A NOTE OF THIS IN ADDITION TO ENTERING THE ESTIMATED YEAR.) <1880-1995> YEAR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >S10< Is [Child 10] your biological, step, or adopted child? <1> Biological <2> Step <3> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >T10< Is [Child 10] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >U10< If item P10 is greater than 1976, indicating that Child 10 is not yet 18, then procede to item W10. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >V10< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [Child 10] ever completed? (CODE EXACT GRADE) (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st through 12th Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >W10< If, based on responses to items D10, D16, and D18, the respondent has only ten children, then procede to item D605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >N11< What is your eleventh oldest child's first name? (ENTER CHILD 11'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >O11< (Is [child 11] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED <0> RESPONDENT SAYS HE/SHE HAS NO MORE CHILDREN ==> Go to Item D605 ==> Procede to the Next Item >P11< In what year was [Child 11] born? (INTERVIEWER: IF R DOES NOT KNOW THE EXACT YEAR PROBE FOR THEIR BEST GUESS. PLEASE MAKE A NOTE OF THIS IN ADDITION TO ENTERING THE ESTIMATED YEAR.) <1880-1995> YEAR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >S11< Is [Child 11] your biological, step, or adopted child? <1> Biological <2> Step <3> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >T11< Is [Child 11] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >U11< If item P11 is greater than 1976, indicating that Child 11 is not yet 18, then procede to item W11. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >V11< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [Child 11] ever completed? (CODE EXACT GRADE) (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st through 12th Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >W11< If, based on responses to items D10, D16, and D18, the respondent has only eleven children, then procede to item D605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >N12< What is your twelfth oldest child's first name? (ENTER CHILD 12'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >O12< (Is [child 12] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED <0> RESPONDENT SAYS HE/SHE HAS NO MORE CHILDREN ==> Go to Item D605 ==> Procede to the Next Item >P12< In what year was [Child 12] born? (INTERVIEWER: IF R DOES NOT KNOW THE EXACT YEAR PROBE FOR THEIR BEST GUESS. PLEASE MAKE A NOTE OF THIS IN ADDITION TO ENTERING THE ESTIMATED YEAR.) <1880-1995> YEAR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >S12< Is [Child 12] your biological, step, or adopted child? <1> Biological <2> Step <3> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >T12< Is [Child 12] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >U12< If item P12 is greater than 1976, indicating that Child 12 is not yet 18, then procede to item D605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >V12< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [Child 12] ever completed? (CODE EXACT GRADE) (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st through 12th Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >D605< Do you have any other biological, adopted, or step children, including those who are no longer living, that we have not mentioned? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item SEL <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item SEL <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item SEL ==> Procede to the Next Item >D606< How many others are there? <1-9> ONE THROUGH NINE <10> TEN <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >SEL< At this point one child is randomly selected from among eligible children in the roster. To be eligible, children must have been alive and at least 25 years old. This item (SEL) contains a number between 1 and 12 which indicates which child in the roster was selected. If no children were selected, procede to item M73. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >H10< And now I'd like to ask about your [son/daughter] [selected child]'s work. Is [he/she] currently working at a paid job? <1> Yes ==> Go to Item H25 <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Next Item >H15< Does [selected child] do any work at all, even if it's only a part-time job? Include unpaid work of 15 or more hours per week in a family business or farm. <1> Yes ==> Go to Item H10 <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >H20< Has [he/she] ever worked at one job for as long as one year? <1> Yes <2> No ==> Go to Item SEJ <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item SEJ <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item SEJ ==> Procede to the Next Item >H25< What kind of work [is/was] [selected child] doing? That is, what [is/was] [his/her] job called? <1> R REPORTS OCCUPATION, ENTER RESPONSE <8> OCCUPATION NOT GIVEN ==> Go to Item SEJ ==> Procede to the Next Item >H30< What [is/was] [he/she] actually do in that job? Tell me what [are/were] some of [his/her] main duties? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >H35< What kind of place [does/did] [he/she] work for? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >H40< What [do/did] they make or do? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >H45< [Is/Was] [he/she] self-employed or [does/did] [he/she] work for someone else? <1> Self-employed <2> Someone else <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >SEJ< At this point another child is randomly selected from among eligible children in the roster. To be eligible, children must have been alive and at least 25 years old. This item (SEJ) contains a number between 1 and 12 which indicates which child in the roster was selected. If no children were selected, procede to item M73. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >H70< And now I'd like to ask about your [son/daughter] [selected child]'s work. Is [he/she] currently working at a paid job? <1> Yes ==> Go to Item H90 <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to the Next Item >H80< Does [selected child] do any work at all, even if it's only a part-time job? Include unpaid work of 15 or more hours per week in a family business or farm. <1> Yes ==> Go to Item H70 <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >H85< Has [he/she] ever worked at one job for as long as one year? <1> Yes <2> No ==> Go to Item M73 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item M73 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item M73 ==> Procede to the Next Item >H90< What kind of work [is/was] [selected child] doing? That is, what [is/was] [his/her] job called? <1> R REPORTS OCCUPATION, ENTER RESPONSE <8> OCCUPATION NOT GIVEN ==> Go to Item M73 ==> Procede to the Next Item >H95< What [does/did] [he/she] actually do in that job? Tell me what [are/were] some of [his/her] main duties? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >H100< What kind of place [does/did] [he/she] work for? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >H105< What [do/did] they make or do? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >H110< [Is/Was] [he/she] self-employed or [does/did] [he/she] work for someone else? <1> Self-employed <2> Someone else <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M73< If the GSS variable VERSION equals 1, 4, or 7, then procede to item G10. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M75< If you had to choose, which thing on this list would you pick as the most important for a child to learn to prepare him or her for life? To obey, To be well-liked or popular, To think for himself or herself, To work hard, or To help others when they need help. WHICH IS MOST IMPORTANT? <1> To obey <2> To be well-liked or popular <3> To think for himself or herself <4> To work hard <5> To help others when they need help <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item G10 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item G10 ==> Procede to the Next Item >M80< Which is SECOND MOST IMPORTANT for a child to learn to prepare for life? <1> To obey <2> To be well-liked or popular <3> To think for himself or herself <4> To work hard <5> To help others when they need help <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item M95 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item G10 ==> Procede to the Next Item >M85< Which is THIRD MOST IMPORTANT for a child to learn to prepare for life? <1> To obey <2> To be well-liked or popular <3> To think for himself or herself <4> To work hard <5> To help others when they need help <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item M95 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item G10 ==> Procede to the Next Item >M90< Which is NEXT MOST IMPORTANT for a child to learn to prepare for life? <1> To obey <2> To be well-liked or popular <3> To think for himself or herself <4> To work hard <5> To help others when they need help <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item G10 ==> Go to Item G10 >M95< WHICH IS LEAST IMPORTANT? <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >G10< How many brothers and sisters do you have? Count those born alive, but no longer living, as well as those alive now. Also include step and half-brothers and sisters, and children adopted by your parents. <0> None ==> Go to Item L5 <1-50> Number of Brothers and Sisters <98> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item L5 <99> REFUSED ==> Go to Item L5 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sN01< Now I have some questions about your sisters and brothers, including all of your biological, step, half, and adopted brothers and sisters. Let's start with the oldest and work down to the youngest. What is your oldest sister or brother's first name? (ENTER SIB 1'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >sO01< (Is [sibling 1] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sP01< In what year was [sibling 1] born? <1880-1995> YEAR ==> Go to Item sS01 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS01 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sQ01< Is [sibling 1] older or younger than you? <1> OLDER <2> YOUNGER <3> SAME AGE ==> Go to Item sS01 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item sS01 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS01 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sR01< About how many years [older/younger]? INTERVIEWER: TRY TO GET APPROXIMATE AGE DIFFERENCE <0> SAME AGE/LESS THAN ONE YEAR <1-29> ONE TO TWENTY-NINE YEARS <30> 30 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sS01< Is [sibling 1] your full biological, half, step, or adopted [brother/sister]? <1> Full Biological <2> Half <3> Step <4> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sT01< Is [sibling 1] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sV01< If item G10 equals 1, indicating that the respondent has only one sibling, procede to item G605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >sN02< What is your second oldest sister or brother's first name? (ENTER SIB 2'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >sO02< (Is [sibling 2] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sP02< In what year was [sibling 2] born? <1880-1995> YEAR ==> Go to Item sS02 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS02 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sQ02< Is [sibling 2] older or younger than you? <1> OLDER <2> YOUNGER <3> SAME AGE ==> Go to Item sS02 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item sS02 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS02 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sR02< About how many years [older/younger]? INTERVIEWER: TRY TO GET APPROXIMATE AGE DIFFERENCE <0> SAME AGE/LESS THAN ONE YEAR <1-29> ONE TO TWENTY-NINE YEARS <30> 30 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sS02< Is [sibling 2] your full biological, half, step, or adopted [brother/sister]? <1> Full Biological <2> Half <3> Step <4> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sT02< Is [sibling 2] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sV02< If item G10 equals 2, indicating that the respondent has only two siblings, procede to item G605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >sN03< What is your third oldest sister or brother's first name? (ENTER SIB 3'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >sO03< (Is [sibling 3] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sP03< In what year was [sibling 3] born? <1880-1995> YEAR ==> Go to Item sS03 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS03 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sQ03< Is [sibling 3] older or younger than you? <1> OLDER <2> YOUNGER <3> SAME AGE ==> Go to Item sS03 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item sS03 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS03 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sR03< About how many years [older/younger]? INTERVIEWER: TRY TO GET APPROXIMATE AGE DIFFERENCE <0> SAME AGE/LESS THAN ONE YEAR <1-29> ONE TO TWENTY-NINE YEARS <30> 30 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sS03< Is [sibling 3] your full biological, half, step, or adopted [brother/sister]? <1> Full Biological <2> Half <3> Step <4> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sT03< Is [sibling 3] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sV03< If item G10 equals 3, indicating that the respondent has only three siblings, procede to item G605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >sN04< What is your fourth oldest sister or brother's first name? (ENTER SIB 4'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >sO04< (Is [sibling 4] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sP04< In what year was [sibling 4] born? <1880-1995> YEAR ==> Go to Item sS04 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS04 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sQ04< Is [sibling 4] older or younger than you? <1> OLDER <2> YOUNGER <3> SAME AGE ==> Go to Item sS04 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item sS04 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS04 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sR04< About how many years [older/younger]? INTERVIEWER: TRY TO GET APPROXIMATE AGE DIFFERENCE <0> SAME AGE/LESS THAN ONE YEAR <1-29> ONE TO TWENTY-NINE YEARS <30> 30 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sS04< Is [sibling 4] your full biological, half, step, or adopted [brother/sister]? <1> Full Biological <2> Half <3> Step <4> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sT04< Is [sibling 4] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sV04< If item G10 equals 4, indicating that the respondent has only four siblings, procede to item G605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >sN05< What is your fifth oldest sister or brother's first name? (ENTER SIB 5'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >sO05< (Is [sibling 5] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sP05< In what year was [sibling 5] born? <1880-1995> YEAR ==> Go to Item sS05 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS05 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sQ05< Is [sibling 5] older or younger than you? <1> OLDER <2> YOUNGER <3> SAME AGE ==> Go to Item sS05 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item sS05 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS05 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sR05< About how many years [older/younger]? INTERVIEWER: TRY TO GET APPROXIMATE AGE DIFFERENCE <0> SAME AGE/LESS THAN ONE YEAR <1-29> ONE TO TWENTY-NINE YEARS <30> 30 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sS05< Is [sibling 5] your full biological, half, step, or adopted [brother/sister]? <1> Full Biological <2> Half <3> Step <4> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sT05< Is [sibling 5] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sV05< If item G10 equals 5, indicating that the respondent has only five siblings, procede to item G605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >sN06< What is your sixth oldest sister or brother's first name? (ENTER SIB 6'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >sO06< (Is [sibling 6] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sP06< In what year was [sibling 6] born? <1880-1995> YEAR ==> Go to Item sS06 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS06 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sQ06< Is [sibling 6] older or younger than you? <1> OLDER <2> YOUNGER <3> SAME AGE ==> Go to Item sS06 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item sS06 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS06 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sR06< About how many years [older/younger]? INTERVIEWER: TRY TO GET APPROXIMATE AGE DIFFERENCE <0> SAME AGE/LESS THAN ONE YEAR <1-29> ONE TO TWENTY-NINE YEARS <30> 30 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sS06< Is [sibling 6] your full biological, half, step, or adopted [brother/sister]? <1> Full Biological <2> Half <3> Step <4> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sT06< Is [sibling 6] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sV06< If item G10 equals 6, indicating that the respondent has only six siblings, procede to item G605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >sN07< What is your seventh oldest sister or brother's first name? (ENTER SIB 7'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >sO07< (Is [sibling 7] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sP07< In what year was [sibling 7] born? <1880-1995> YEAR ==> Go to Item sS07 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS07 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sQ07< Is [sibling 7] older or younger than you? <1> OLDER <2> YOUNGER <3> SAME AGE ==> Go to Item sS07 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item sS07 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS07 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sR07< About how many years [older/younger]? INTERVIEWER: TRY TO GET APPROXIMATE AGE DIFFERENCE <0> SAME AGE/LESS THAN ONE YEAR <1-29> ONE TO TWENTY-NINE YEARS <30> 30 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sS07< Is [sibling 7] your full biological, half, step, or adopted [brother/sister]? <1> Full Biological <2> Half <3> Step <4> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sT07< Is [sibling 7] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sV07< If item G10 equals 7, indicating that the respondent has only seven siblings, procede to item G605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >sN08< What is your eighth oldest sister or brother's first name? (ENTER SIB 8'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >sO08< (Is [sibling 8] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sP08< In what year was [sibling 8] born? <1880-1995> YEAR ==> Go to Item sS08 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS08 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sQ08< Is [sibling 8] older or younger than you? <1> OLDER <2> YOUNGER <3> SAME AGE ==> Go to Item sS08 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item sS08 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS08 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sR08< About how many years [older/younger]? INTERVIEWER: TRY TO GET APPROXIMATE AGE DIFFERENCE <0> SAME AGE/LESS THAN ONE YEAR <1-29> ONE TO TWENTY-NINE YEARS <30> 30 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sS08< Is [sibling 8] your full biological, half, step, or adopted [brother/sister]? <1> Full Biological <2> Half <3> Step <4> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sT08< Is [sibling 8] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sV08< If item G10 equals 8, indicating that the respondent has only eight siblings, procede to item G605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >sN09< What is your ninth oldest sister or brother's first name? (ENTER SIB 9'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >sO09< (Is [sibling 9] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sP09< In what year was [sibling 9] born? <1880-1995> YEAR ==> Go to Item sS09 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS09 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sQ09< Is [sibling 9] older or younger than you? <1> OLDER <2> YOUNGER <3> SAME AGE ==> Go to Item sS09 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item sS09 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS09 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sR09< About how many years [older/younger]? INTERVIEWER: TRY TO GET APPROXIMATE AGE DIFFERENCE <0> SAME AGE/LESS THAN ONE YEAR <1-29> ONE TO TWENTY-NINE YEARS <30> 30 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sS09< Is [sibling 9] your full biological, half, step, or adopted [brother/sister]? <1> Full Biological <2> Half <3> Step <4> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sT09< Is [sibling 9] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sV09< If item G10 equals 9, indicating that the respondent has only nine siblings, procede to item G605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >sN10< What is your tenth oldest sister or brother's first name? (ENTER SIB 10'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >sO10< (Is [sibling 10] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sP10< In what year was [sibling 10] born? <1880-1995> YEAR ==> Go to Item sS10 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS10 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sQ10< Is [sibling 10] older or younger than you? <1> OLDER <2> YOUNGER <3> SAME AGE ==> Go to Item sS10 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item sS10 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS10 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sR10< About how many years [older/younger]? INTERVIEWER: TRY TO GET APPROXIMATE AGE DIFFERENCE <0> SAME AGE/LESS THAN ONE YEAR <1-29> ONE TO TWENTY-NINE YEARS <30> 30 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sS10< Is [sibling 10] your full biological, half, step, or adopted [brother/sister]? <1> Full Biological <2> Half <3> Step <4> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sT10< Is [sibling 10] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sV10< If item G10 equals 10, indicating that the respondent has only ten siblings, procede to item G605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >sN11< What is your eleventh oldest sister or brother's first name? (ENTER SIB 11'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >sO11< (Is [sibling 11] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sP11< In what year was [sibling 11] born? <1880-1995> YEAR ==> Go to Item sS11 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS11 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sQ11< Is [sibling 11] older or younger than you? <1> OLDER <2> YOUNGER <3> SAME AGE ==> Go to Item sS11 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item sS11 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS11 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sR11< About how many years [older/younger]? INTERVIEWER: TRY TO GET APPROXIMATE AGE DIFFERENCE <0> SAME AGE/LESS THAN ONE YEAR <1-29> ONE TO TWENTY-NINE YEARS <30> 30 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sS11< Is [sibling 11] your full biological, half, step, or adopted [brother/sister]? <1> Full Biological <2> Half <3> Step <4> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sT11< Is [sibling 11] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sV11< If item G10 equals 11, indicating that the respondent has only eleven siblings, procede to item G605. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >sN12< What is your twelfth oldest sister or brother's first name? (ENTER SIB 12'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >sO12< (Is [sibling 12] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sP12< In what year was [sibling 12] born? <1880-1995> YEAR ==> Go to Item sS12 <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS12 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sQ12< Is [sibling 12] older or younger than you? <1> OLDER <2> YOUNGER <3> SAME AGE ==> Go to Item sS12 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item sS12 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item sS12 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sR12< About how many years [older/younger]? INTERVIEWER: TRY TO GET APPROXIMATE AGE DIFFERENCE <0> SAME AGE/LESS THAN ONE YEAR <1-29> ONE TO TWENTY-NINE YEARS <30> 30 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sS12< Is [sibling 12] your full biological, half, step, or adopted [brother/sister]? <1> Full Biological <2> Half <3> Step <4> Adopted <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sT12< Is [sibling 12] alive? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >G605< Do you have any other full, half, step, or adopted brothers or sisters, including those who are no longer living, that we have not mentioned? <1> YES <2> NO ==> Go to Item J6v <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item J6v <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item J6v ==> Procede to the Next Item >G606< How many others are there? <1-9> ONE THROUGH NINE <10> TEN OR MORE <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >J6v< At this point the interviewer is presented with a list of the respondent's sibling's names, as collected above, and the name of the GSS respondent. The interviewer is asked to enter the number (between 1 and 12) which represents the position of the GSS respondent in the roster of siblings. Item SEK contains a number between 1 and 12 that indicates which of the siblings asked about in the sibling roster is the GSS respondent. If the respondent did not list the GSS respondent in the roster, or if they reported that the GSS respondent is dead, a new sibling is randomly selected from among eligible siblings; siblings are eligible for selection if they are alive and at least 18 years old. >SEK< Number between 1 and 12 that indicates which of the siblings in the roster is chosen as the first selected sibling. Of course, if the GSS respondent is listed in the roster, then he or she is selected. If no sibling is selected, procede to item L5. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >J10< Were you and [first selected sibling] living in the same household while you were growing up? <1> Yes ==> Go to Item sVxx <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >J12< Why were you and [first selected sibling] living in different households while you were growing up? <1> R was away at school <2> [first selected sibling] was away at school <3> Parents Divorced or Separated, Family Broken Up <4> Large difference in age between R and [first selected sibling] <5> Other (SPECIFY) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sVxx< What is the highest grade in elementary school or high school that [first selected sibling] finished and got credit for? (CODE EXACT GRADE.)ÿ <0> No formal school ==> Go to Item J13 <1-8> 1st through 8th Grade ==> Go to Item J13 <9-12> 9th through 12th Grade <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sWxx< Did [first selected sibling] ever get a high school diploma or a GED certificate? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sXxx< Did [first selected sibling] ever complete one or more years of college for credit - not including schooling such as business college, technical or vocational school? <1> Yes <2> No ==> Go to Item J13 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item J13 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item J13 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sYxx< How many years did [first selected sibling] complete? <1> 1 YEAR <2> 2 YEARS <3> 3 YEARS <4> 4 YEARS <5> 5 YEARS <6> 6 YEARS <7> 7 YEARS <8> 8 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sZxx< Does [first selected sibling] have any college degrees? <1> Yes <2> No ==> Go to Item J13 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item J13 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item J13 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sAxx< What degree or degrees? (CODE HIGHEST DEGREE EARNED) <1> Associate/Junior College <2> Bachelor's <3> Graduate (MA, MS, MSW, MBA, PhD, EdD, MD, DDS, JD, ETC) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >J13< Is [first selected sibling] currently working at a paid job? <1> Yes ==> Go to Item J25 <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >J15< Does [he/she] do any work at all, even if it's only a part-time job? Include unpaid work of 15 or more hours per week in a family business or farm. <1> Yes ==> Go to Item J13 <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >J20< Has [he/she] ever worked at one job for as long as one year? <1> Yes <2> No ==> Go to Item J46 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item J46 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item J46 ==> Procede to the Next Item >J25< What kind of work [is/was] [first selected sibling] doing? That is, what [is/was] [his/her] job called? <1> R REPORTS OCCUPATION, ENTER RESPONSE <8> OCCUPATION NOT GIVEN ==> Go to Item J46 ==> Procede to the Next Item >J30< What [does/did] [he/she] actually do in that job? Tell me what [are/were] some of [his/her] main duties? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >J35< What kind of place [does/did] [he/she] work for? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >J40< What [do/did] they make or do? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >J45< [Is/Was] [he/she] self-employed or [does/did] [he/she] work for someone else? <1> Self-employed <2> Someone else <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >J46< Has [first selected sibling] ever been on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces or spent at least two months on active duty for training in the Reserves or National Guard? <1> Yes <2> No ==> Go to Item SEN <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item SEN <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item SEN ==> Procede to the Next Item >J47< Is [first selected sibling] currently on duty in the U.S. Armed Forces? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >SEN< At this point a second sibling is randomly selected from the roster of siblings. SEN contains a number between 1 and 12 which indicates which sibling in the roster was selected. If no sibling was selected procede to item L5. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >J76< And what about [second selected sibling]? Were you and [second selected sibling] living in the same household while you were growing up? <1> Yes ==> Go to Item sVyy <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >J77< Why were you and [second selected sibling] living in different households while you were growing up? <1> R was away at school <2> [second selected sibling] was away at school <3> Parents Divorced or Separated, Family Broken Up <4> Large difference in age between R and [second selected sibling] <5> Other (SPECIFY) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sVyy< What is the highest grade in elementary school or high school that [second selected sibling] finished and got credit for? (CODE EXACT GRADE.)ÿ <0> No formal school ==> Go to Item J80 <1-8> 1st through 8th Grade ==> Go to Item J80 <9-12> 9th through 12th Grade <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sWyy< Did [second selected sibling] ever get a high school diploma or a GED certificate? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sYyz< Did [second selected sibling] ever complete one or more years of college for credit - not including schooling such as business college, technical or vocational school? <1> Yes <2> No ==> Go to Item J80 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item J80 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item J80 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sYyy< How many years did [second selected sibling] complete? <1> 1 YEAR <2> 2 YEARS <3> 3 YEARS <4> 4 YEARS <5> 5 YEARS <6> 6 YEARS <7> 7 YEARS <8> 8 OR MORE YEARS <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >sZyy< Does [second selected sibling] have any college degrees? <1> Yes <2> No ==> Go to Item J80 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item J80 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item J80 ==> Procede to the Next Item >sAyy< What degree or degrees? (CODE HIGHEST DEGREE EARNED) <1> Associate/Junior College <2> Bachelor's <3> Graduate (MA, MS, MSW, MBA, PhD, EdD, MD, DDS, JD, ETC) <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >J80< Is [second selected sibling] currently working at a paid job? <1> Yes ==> Go to Item J100 <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >J90< Does [he/she] do any work at all, even if it's only a part-time job? Include unpaid work of 15 or more hours per week in a family business or farm. <1> Yes ==> Go to Item J80 <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >J95< Has [he/she] ever worked at one job for as long as one year? <1> Yes <2> No ==> Go to Item J121 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item J121 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item J121 ==> Procede to the Next Item >J100< What kind of work [is/was] [second selected sibling] doing? That is, what [is/was] [his/her] job called? <1> R REPORTS OCCUPATION, ENTER RESPONSE <8> OCCUPATION NOT GIVEN ==> Go to Item J121 ==> Procede to the Next Item >J105< What [does/did] [he/she] actually do in that job? Tell me what [are/were] some of [his/her] main duties? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >J110< What kind of place [does/did] [he/she] work for? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >J115< What [do/did] they make or do? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >J120< [Is/Was] [he/she] self-employed or [does/did] [he/she] work for someone else? <1> Self-employed <2> Someone else <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >J121< Has [second selected sibling] ever been on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces or spent at least two months on active duty for training in the Reserves or National Guard? <1> Yes <2> No ==> Go to Item L5 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item L5 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item L5 ==> Procede to the Next Item >J122< Is [second selected sibling] currently on duty in the U.S. Armed Forces? <1> Yes <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L5< In most families, there are some family members who are more successful than others. Thinking in terms of economic success, please tell me the first name of your MOST successful LIVING relative. (INTERVIEWER: MAKE SURE R SELECTS A LIVING PERSON !) <1> Respondent Gave a Person's Name (ENTER ON NEXT SCREEN) <2> Respondent Claims That He/She is Most Successful ==> Go to Item L7 <3> Respondent Refuses to Name Most Successful Relative ==> Go to Item L120 ==> Procede to the Next Item >L6< (ENTER PERSON'S FIRST NAME) ==> Go to Item L10 >L7< Besides yourself, who do you consider to be your MOST successful LIVING relative in terms of economic success? (ENTER PERSON'S FIRST NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >L10< How is [reference person] related to you? <1> Father/Mother <8> Son/Daughter <2> Father/Mother-In-Law <9> Son/Daughter In-Law <3> Step-Father/Mother <10> Step-Son/Daughter <4> Brother/Sister <11> Cousin <5> Brother/Sister-In-Law <12> Niece/Nephew <6> Grandparent <13> Current Husband/Wife <7> Aunt/Uncle ==> Goto Item L115 <7> Aunt/Uncle <0> Other (SPECIFY) <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L15< Is [reference person] someone whose education and work I have already asked you about in this interview? <1> Yes ==> Go to Item L115 [NOTE: This is a programming error] <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L20< (Is [reference person] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L30< In what year was [he/she] born? <1880-1995> YEAR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L40< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [he/she] finished and got credit for? (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st grade Through Twelfth Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L70< Is [he/she] currently working at a paid job? <1> Yes ==> Go to Item L90 <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L80< Does [he/she] do any work at all, even if it's only a part-time job? Include unpaid work of 15 or more hours per week in a family business or farm. <1> Yes ==> Go to Item L70 <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L85< Has [he/she] ever worked at one job for as long as one year? <1> Yes <2> No ==> Go to Item L115 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item L115 <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item L115 ==> Procede to the Next Item >L90< What kind of work [is/was] [he/she] doing? That is, what [is/was] [his/her] job called? <1> R REPORTS OCCUPATION, ENTER RESPONSE <8> OCCUPATION NOT GIVEN ==> Go to Item L115 ==> Procede to the Next Item >L95< What [does/did] [he/she] actually do in that job? Tell me what [are/were] some of [his/her] main duties? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >L100< What kind of place [does/did] [he/she] work for? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >L105< What [do/did] they make or do? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >L110< [Is/Was] [he/she] self-employed or [does/did] [he/she] work for someone else? <1> Self-employed <2> Someone else <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L115< Why do you think [reference person] became so economically successful? (PROBE: "HOW WOULD YOU EXPLAIN THIS SUCCESS?") (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >L120< Also in most families, there are some family members who are less successful than others. Thinking in terms of economic success, please tell me the first name of your LEAST successful LIVING relative. (INTERVIEWER: MAKE SURE R SELECTS A LIVING PERSON !) <1> Respondent Gave a Person's Name (ENTER ON NEXT SCREEN) <2> Respondent Claims That He/She is Least Successful ==> Go to Item L126 <3> Respondent Refuses to Name Least Successful Relative==> Go to Item M318 ==> Procede to the Next Item >L125< (ENTER PERSON'S FIRST NAME) ==> Go to Item L129 >L126< Besides yourself, who do you consider to be your LEAST successful LIVING relative in terms of economic success? (ENTER PERSON'S NAME) ==> Procede to the Next Item >L129< How is [reference person] related to you? <1> Father/Mother <8> Son/Daughter <2> Father/Mother-In-Law <9> Son/Daughter In-Law <3> Step-Father/Mother <10> Step-Son/Daughter <4> Brother/Sister <11> Cousin <5> Brother/Sister-In-Law <12> Niece/Nephew <6> Grandparent <13> Current Husband/Wife <7> Aunt/Uncle ==> Go to Item L230 <0> Other (SPECIFY) <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L130< Is [reference person] someone whose education and work I have already asked you about in this interview? <1> Yes ==> Go to Item L230 [NOTE: This is a programming error] <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L135< (Is [reference person] male or female?) <1> Male <2> Female <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L145< In what year was [reference person] born? <1880-1995> YEAR <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L155< What is the highest grade or year of regular school that [he/she] finished and got credit for? (DO NOT INCLUDE APPRENTICESHIPS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, OR COMMERCIAL, VOCATIONAL, OR TECHNICAL TRAINING, UNLESS THOSE COURSES COULD BE CREDITED TOWARDS A COLLEGE DEGREE.) <0> No formal school <1-12> 1st grade Through Twelfth Grade <13-16> 1 to 4 Years of College <17-20> 5 to 8 Years of College <98> DON'T KNOW <99> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L185< Is [he/she] currently working at a paid job? <1> Yes ==> Go to Item L205 <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L195< Does [he/she] do any work at all, even if it's only a part-time job? Include unpaid work of 15 or more hours per week in a family business or farm. <1> Yes ==> Go to Item L185 <2> No <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L200< Has [he/she] ever worked at one job for as long as one year? <1> Yes <2> No ==> Go to Item L230 <8> DON'T KNOW ==> Go to Item M318 [NOTE: This is a prog. error] <9> REFUSED ==> Go to Item M319 [NOTE: This is a programming error] ==> Procede to the Next Item >L205< What kind of work [is/was] [he/she] doing? That is, what [is/was] [his/her] job called? <1> R REPORTS OCCUPATION, ENTER RESPONSE <8> OCCUPATION NOT GIVEN ==> Go to Item L230 ==> Procede to the Next Item >L210< What [does/did] [he/she] actually do in that job? Tell me what [are/were] some of [his/her] main duties? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >L215< What kind of place [does/did] [he/she] work for? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >L220< What [do/did] they make or do? (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >L225< [Is/Was] [he/she] self-employed or [does/did] [he/she] work for someone else? <1> Self-employed <2> Someone else <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >L230< Why do you think [reference person] became so unsuccessful? (PROBE: "HOW WOULD YOU EXPLAIN THIS LACK OF SUCCESS?") (ENTER RESPONSE) ==> Procede to the Next Item >M318< If GSS variable VERSION equals 3, 6, or 9 then the interview is complete >M320< I have just a few more questions for you. This last section is about social activities. How often do you spend a social evening with relatives? Is it almost every day, once or twice a week, several times a month, about once a month, several times a year, about once a year, or never? <1> Almost every day <2> Once or twice a week <3> Several times a month <4> About once a month <5> Several times a year <6> About once a year <7> Never <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M325< How often do you spend a social evening with someone who lives in your neighborhood? (Is it almost every day, once or twice a week, several times a month, about once a month, several times a year, about once a year, or never?) <1> Almost every day <2> Once or twice a week <3> Several times a month <4> About once a month <5> Several times a year <6> About once a year <7> Never <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M330< How often do you spend a social evening with friends who live outside your neighborhood? (Is it almost every day, once or twice a week, several times a month, about once a month, several times a year, about once a year, or never?) <1> Almost every day <2> Once or twice a week <3> Several times a month <4> About once a month <5> Several times a year <6> About once a year <7> Never <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M335< How often do you go to a bar or tavern? (Is it almost every day, once or twice a week, several times a month, about once a month, several times a year, about once a year, or never?) <1> Almost every day <2> Once or twice a week <3> Several times a month <4> About once a month <5> Several times a year <6> About once a year <7> Never <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M338< If item F10 is not equal to 1 and item F30 is not equal to 1, indicating that neither of the respondent's parents are alive, then procede to item M343. Otherwise, procede to the next item. >M340< How often do you spend a social evening with your [parents/mother/father]? (Is it almost every day, once or twice a week, several times a month, about once a month, several times a year, about once a year, or never?) <1> Almost every day <2> Once or twice a week <3> Several times a month <4> About once a month <5> Several times a year <6> About once a year <7> Never <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> Procede to the Next Item >M343< If any of the items sT01 through sT12 have a value of 1, indicating that the respondent has at least one living sibling, then procede to the next item. Otherwise, the interview is complete. >M345< How often do you spend a social evening with a brother or sister? (Is it almost every day, once or twice a week, several times a month, about once a month, several times a year, about once a year, or never?) <1> Almost every day <2> Once or twice a week <3> Several times a month <4> About once a month <5> Several times a year <6> About once a year <7> Never <8> DON'T KNOW <9> REFUSED ==> End of Interview