ISSP 88 - Preface - Family - ZA No. 1700





     Acknowledgement of Assistance

     _____________________________







     All manuscripts utilizing data made available through the

     ZENTRALARCHIV FUER EMPIRISCHE SOZIALFORSCHUNG should

     acknowledge that fact as well as identify the original

     collectors of the data.



     We kindly ask all users to follow some adaptation of the

     following statement:





        The data utilized in this (publication) were

        documented and made available by the

        ZENTRALARCHIV FUER EMPIRISCHE SOZIALFORSCHUNG, Koeln.

        The data for the 'ISSP' were collected by independent

        institutions in each country (e.g. The Australian

        survey was conducted by the RSSS at the Australian

        National University (J. Kelley, M. Evans, C. Bean)).

        Neither the original collectors nor the ZENTRALARCHIV

        bear any responsibility for the analyses or

        interpretation presented here.





     In order to provide funding agencies with essential informa-

     tion about the use of archival resources, and to facilitate

     the exchange of information about research activities based

     on the ZENTRALARCHIV's holdings, each user is expected to

     send two copies of each completed manuscript to the

     ZENTRALARCHIV.































































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     An introduction to the ISSP

     ___________________________



     The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a volunta-

     ry grouping of study teams in eleven nations (soon to become

     thirteen or fourteen), each of which undertakes to run a

     short, annual self-completion survey containing an agreed set

     of questions asked of a probability-based, nation-wide sample

     adults. The topics change from year to year by agreement, with

     a view to replication every five years or so.

       The questions themselves are developed by subgroups and then

     thrashed out at an annual meeting attended by representatives

     of each national team. At the last meeting in May 1989t, in

     London, there were 29 participants from the 11 national teams,

     including representatives of the ISSP's 'official' data ar-

     chive, the Zentralarchiv at the University of Cologne.

       A constitution of sorts has now been adopted by members of

     the ISSP. It contains, for instance, rules of entry for new

     members and responsibilities of membership. The primary duty

     of each member is, of course, to run every annual module (or

     at lest nearly every one) in the agreed format. But there are

     no central funds for the ISSP: each national teams covers the

     costs of its own piloting, fieldwork, data preparation, travel

     to meetings and so on. Since the ISSP has agreed to use one

     language for drafting and for meetings - (British) English -

     there are no central translation costs.

       Improbable as it may seem, this general formula has worked

     well so far. The annual questionnaires for instance (contrary

     to all advice and experience) have actually been designed for

     the most part in committee, and though inevitably flawed, are

     no less successful than most. Admittedly, this success owes a

     lot to careful prior development work by drafting groups and

     to subsequent adjustments after piloting. In any event,

     fascinatingdata are already beginnig to emerge.

       A fuller treatment than is given here, of the results gene-

     rated so far by th series, is to be provided in the first ISSP

     Report, a book funded by the European Cultural Foundation and

     due to be published by the Netherlands Social and Cultural

     Planning Bureau in 1990.

       As may by now be apparent, the ISSP has grown and developed

     somewhat haphazardly, and this pattern shows every sign of

     continuing as long as it seems to work. The ISSP certainly

     came into without much serious planning, having emerge as a

     vague idea during an impromptu meeting the two of us in 1983

     whose purpose was primarily to exchange experiences and ex-

     plore opportunities for borrowing each other's questions.

       At that stage, the British Social Attitudes Survey (BSAS)

     was still in its first year, but had just received news that

     it was to be given at least a foer-year life span through the

     generosity of the Sainsbury Family Charitable Trusts. The US

     General Social Survey (GSS), in contrast, was some 12 years

     old and had already acted as something of a role-model for

     other national series, including the BSAS itself, the West

     German Allegemeine Bevoelkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaf-

     ten (ALLBUS) (strated in 1980) and the Australian National

     Social Science Survey (NSSS) (which was about to take its

     first fieldwork round).

       As is usual at such meetings, we were bemoaning the fact

     that survey questions are poor travellers, especially across

     national and cultural boundaries. The BSAS, for instance,

     despite intentions to the contrary, had managed to transplant





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     only one or two questions directly from the GSS. The West Ger-

     man ALLBUS contained a few more replications as a result of a

     specific bilateral agreement with the GSS. But a long-standing

     problem for all national time-series of this sort was, and is,

     that the concern for a year-by-year comparability within a

     country is often conflict with a concern of comparability be-

     tween countries. Since funding is almost from national sour-

     ces, the choice both of topics and of question-wording tends

     reflect national rather than cross-national priorities.

       So the conclusion we reached in 1983 was that the ideal way

     of securing a greater element of cross-national comparability

     should probably be via a standardised bolt-on supplementary

     questionnaire designed specifically for for that purpose. With

     this in mind, SCPR sought and obtained a small grant from the

     Nuffield Foundation for convening a meeting (and then another)

     between representatives of the other three national social at-

     titudes surveys which we already had some contact - those in

     Australia, West Germany, and the USA. There, the idea of a

     bolt-on, mutually-designed series of supplementary question-

     naires could be aired and, perhaps, taken further.

       As it turned out, the idea was warmly received by all four

     groups, who also decided that these supplements should be in a

     self-completion format, primarily for reasons of cost and to

     avoid adding to the already long, personal interviews. At the

     following meeting, the first bolt-on module, on the role of

     government, was developed and scheduled for fielding in 1985.

     It was later translated into American English, Australian Eng-

     lish and German to obtain functionally-equivalent rather than

     identical wordings.

       Although we were not quite aware of it at the time, the ISSP

     had effectively started. Since then, several other modules

     have been designed and fielded, the membership has grown

     threefold, and the structure has become a bit more bureaucra-

     tic, but not (yet) unduly so.



     Excerpt from:

     James A. Davis and Roger Jowell:

     Measuring national differences, in:

     Jowell, R., Witherspoon, S., Brook, L.:

     British Social Attitudes - special international report;

     6th report, pp. 2f., Oxford 1989.













































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     Study description

     _________________



     To differentiate countries in the crosstabulations within this

     codebook we have decided to distinguish according to the

     International automobile identification code:



           D   -  West Germany

           GB  -  Great Britain

           USA -  United States

           A   -  Austria

           NL  -  Netherlands

           H   -  Hungary

           I   -  Italy

           IRL -  Ireland

































































































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     West Germany - D

     ________________





     The ISSP 1988 was realized as a drop-off of the Allgemeine

     Bevoelkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften (ALLBUS). The

     method used was a self-completing supplement of the ALLBUS

     interview.

     The sample type is a three-stage random:

     The first stage consisted in the selection of sample-points,

     the second in the selection of households by the random-route

     method. At the third stage the interviewer had to select a

     German of at least 18 years of age. The sample is representive

     for adult Germans, living in the Bundesrepublik or West-Berlin

     in private households during the fieldwork time.





     Response rates

     ______________

                                                     N        %



     Issued                                       4.620  = 100.0



     Unsystematic non-responses                     111  =  2.4

     ____________________________________________________________



     Adjusted sample                              4.509  = 100.0



     Systematic non-responses in the interview    1.493  =  31.9

     ____________________________________________________________



     Realized interviews                          3.070  =  68.1



     Not analizeable                                 18  =   0.4



     Analizable  interviews                       3.052  =  67.7

     ____________________________________________________________



     Systematic non-responses in the drop-off

       - refused to fill out/ not sent back          57  =   1.9

     ____________________________________________________________



     Realized interviews (drop-off)               2.995  =  98.1









































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     Properties of the sample:  No

     ________________________





     Weighting:                 ZUMA - Weighting

     _________





     Weighting Reference:

     ____________________



     Braun, M., Trometer, R., Wiedenbeck, M.:

     Methodenbericht Allgemeine Bevoelkerungsumfrage der Sozialwis-

     senschaften (ALLBUS) 1988 (ZUMA- Arbeitsbericht Nr. 89/02),

     Mannheim, 1989.



     Fieldwork dates:           April 26, to Juli 5, 1988

     _______________





     Language:                  German

     ________



















































































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           Great Britain - GB

           __________________



           The questions for the ISSP '88 are part of the British Social

           Attitudes. This is the fifth in an annual series of surveys

           started by SCPR in 1983 and core-funded by the Sainsbury

           Family Charitable Trusts which ensure the stability

           and independence of the series.

           SCPR's British Social Attitudes series aims to monitor

           public attitudes to a wide variety of social, economic,

           political and moral issues during the 1980s and 1990s.

           Its primary source of data is an hour-long interview

           survey, with a self-completion supplement, among a probability

           sample of around 3000 people nationwide.



           One of the modules in the British Social Attitudes dataset

           allows researchers to make cross-national comparisons. In

           1984, the Nuffield Foundation gave funds to SCPR so that it

           could convene a series of meetings with research organisations

           in other countries carrying out general surveys of social

           attitudes. From these meetings, a group called the

           International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) has evolved.

           Each member undertakes to field annually an agreed

           self-completion questionnaire, and to abide by the ISSP

           working principles. Current members are named above.

           The module for 1988 is 'Family and Changing Sex Roles'.

           Direct international comparisons on this topic will now be

           possible.





           The Sample

           __________



           The survey was designed to yield a representative sample of

           adults aged 18 or over living in private households in Great

           Britain. The sample covers England, Wales and all but the

           highlands and islands of Scotland.



           The sample was confined to those living in private households

           whose addresses were listed in the Electoral registers.

           In fact, the same registers and the same constituencies, as

           those drawn for the 1986 BSA survey were used.





           The sampling method involved a multi-stage design, with four

           separate stages of selection:



           I.   Selection of parliamentary constituencies

                The stratification factors used in this survey were:

                1. Registrar General's Standard Region,

                2. Population density (persons per hectar): over 10,

                                                     5 - 10, under 5

                3. A ranking by percentage of homes that were

                   owner-occupied

           II.  Selection of polling destricts

           III. Selection of addresses

           IV.  Selection of individuals.













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           United States - USA

           ___________________



           The ISSP data are part of the General Social Survey (GSS)

           carried out by the National Opinion Research Center,

           University of Chicago (NORC). Principal investigators are

           Prof. James A. Davis and Prof. Tom W. Smith.

           The GSS data are collected in a cumulative codebook

           produced by NORC and distributed by The Roper Center for

           Public Opinion Research, University of Connecticut.

           The Project was supported by the National Science Foundation.



           Source:



           General Social Surveys, 1972-1989:

           Cumulative Codebook, Juli 1989

           Conducted for the National Data Program for the Social

           Sciences at the National Opinion Research Center,

           University of Chicago;

           Data distributed by the Roper Center for Public Opinion

           Research, University of Connecticut; NORC Edition





           Sampling Design

           _______________



           The survey is an independently drawn sample of English-

           speaking persons 18 years of age or over, living in

           non-institutional arrangements within the United States.

           For the 1988 survey full probability sampling was employed.





           The Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) employed are Standard

           Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) or non-metropolitan

           counties selected in NORC's Master Sample. These SMSAs and

           counties were stratified by region, age, and race for

           selection. The units of selection of the second stage were

           Block Groups (BGs) and Enumeration Districts (EDs).

           These EDs and BGs were stratified according to race and

           income before selection.

           The third stage of selection was that of blocks. The blocks

           were selected with probabilities proportional to size. In

           places without block statistics, measures of size for the

           blocks were obtained by field counting.





































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           Response Rate: GSS 1988 (Full Probability Sample)

           _________________________________________________





           Original Sample                         2250

           _____________________________________________________________



           - Out of Sample                            0

           - Not a Dwelling Unit                     78

           - Vacant                                 261

           - Language Problem                        52

           + New Dwelling Unit                       57

           _____________________________________________________________



           Net Sample                               1916



           Completed Cases                          1481

           No ISSP Supplement                         67

           _____________________________________________________________



           Within the ISSP                          1414







           Fieldwork Dates: February - April 1988





           Fieldwork methods: The GSS is a personal interview with the ISSP

                              done as a self-completion while the

                              interviewer is waiting.



           Weighting: No weighting































































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     Austria - A

     ___________





     The ISSP '87 and ISSP '88 were fielded simultanuously,

     each respondent had to answer both questionnaires.



     This project was supported in part by promotion-funds from

     the Science Research Foundation, by grants from the

     government ministry for Science and Research and from the

     government Steiermark.





     Fieldwork, Data collection

     __________________________



     The field work was carried out by the IFES-Institut/ Vienna.





     The Sample

     __________



     The sample is a three stage stratified person random sample.

     The sample-points were selected according to the criteria of

     'Bundesland' (region) and size of the place. Each sample

     point was assigned six households, using adresses drawn

     randomly from the national electoral register. Within the

     household the interviewer had to select the respondent among

     the household members between 16 and 69 years according to a

     fixed random number.





     Fieldwork methods:   Face to face interviews

     _________________





     Fieldwork dates:     June - July 1988

     _______________





     Weighting:

     _________



           The weight is based on a sample of 1000 persons (IFES-weighting)

           The weighting factor corrects the sample on the three variables:

           Region, age, sex to a representative population sample

           according to the latest available population census (Mikro-

           census 1987). Due to the sampling-procedure, in the unweighted

           dataset the oldest age-cohorts (over 60 years) and females are

           overrepresented. Sample size for the weighted dataset is trimmed

           to exactly 1000 interviews.

























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           Weighting



                               unweighted sample    weighted sample

                                  (N=972)             (N=1000)



           age: 16-29              25.6%                31.4%

                30-59              51.1%                54.7%

                60-69              23.4%                13.8%



           sex: male               44.3%                49.0%

                female             55.7%                51.0%





     Language:            German

     ________









     Response rate:

     _____________





                                          N             %



     Issued adresses                    1400         100.0



     Changed residence, unknown           39           2.8

     ______________________________________________________



     Adjusted sample                    1361         100.0



     Refusals                            150          11.0

     Person not met, unable to answer    238          17.5

     Incomplete                            1           0.1

     ______________________________________________________



     Realized interviews                 972          71.4

     ______________________________________________________







     Further information:

     ___________________



     ISSP-87 Ungleichheit, ISSP-88 Familie.

     Codebuch mit Methodenbericht, Linearauszaehlung und Frage-

     bogen; Institut fuer Soziologie der Universitaet Graz,

     Prof. Max Haller, November 1988.





























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           Hungary - H

           ___________



           The Sample

           __________



           The original sample consisted of 1965 persons. They were

           selected by cluster sampling. The first step was to select

           the communities and to determine the number of persons to be

           asked in each settlement. This first step was made in a way

           so as to obtain a sample which displays the same means and

           standard deviations on a number of variables concerning to

           the social, demographic, economic, and geographic characte-

           ristics of the communities were taken from the 1980 census.

           At second step random samples were taken from the adult

           population of each selected community. The list of persons

           (and their addresses) were provided by the Population

           Register Bureau.





           Crosstabulation of year of birth, type of community and by sex

           in the original sample:





                                              Male           Female



                       Year of birth         n     %         n     %

           ____________________________________________________________



           Budapest      1957-68            39    2.0       54    2.7

                         1947-56            42    2.1       57    2.9

                         1927-46            59    3.0       79    4.0

                          x-1926            30    1.5       57    2.9



           Other City    1957-68            71    3.6      110    3.9

                         1947-56            69    3.5       86    3.9

                         1927-46            97    4.9      118    6.0

                          x-1926            51    2.6       74    4.3



           Village       1957-68            91    4.6      102    5.2

                         1947-56            88    4.5       94    4.8

                         1927-46           135    6.9      155    7.9

                          x-1926            92    4.7      115    5.9

           _____________________________________________________________



           Total                           864   44.0     1101   56.0





           Fieldwork methods:   Personal interviews

           _________________



           Fieldwork dates:     June - July 1988

           _______________



           Weighting:           No weighting

           _________



           Language:            Hungarian

           ________









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           Response rate:

           _____________



           The proportion of dropouts was 11.5 % of the original sample

           (226 persons). Below, you can see the proportion of the

           different causes of the interview's failures:





           Failure of the interview is due

           to the fact, that                        n         %

           _____________________________________________________________



           1.  Respondent was unable to answer     25       11.1

               (because of illness or having

               been drunken)



           2.  Respondent rejected being           67       29.6

               interviewed



           3.  Respondent did not live at          45       19.9

               home temporarily



           4.  Respondent moved to a new flat      27       11.9

               or house (new address unknown)



           5.  Address was wrong                    -         -



           6.  Respondent died                     26       11.5



           7.  Somebody else from the family        1        0.4

               of the respondent was already

               asked



           8.  Other reasons                       35       15.5

           ______________________________________________________



                                                  226      100.0





















































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           Italy - I



           Sample size:               1028 cases



           Sample type:               Probability with quotas



           Response rates:            Not available



           Properties of the sample:  Representative of the Italian

                                      population









































































































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     Netherlands - NL

     ________________





     Sample size:

     ___________



     The sample of the original survey was 2033 cases. From the

     ISSP that was attached to it, 1737 were returned.





     Sample type:

     ___________



     Full probalility sample, based on a sample of adresses drawn

     from a data-sec of the postal services.





     Response rate:

     _____________



     The response on the original survey was 78%, the response on

     the written ISSP was 35%.





     Properties of the sample:

     ________________________



     Representative of the dutch population 16 and older.





     Weighting:           No weighting has been applied.

     _________





     Fieldwork dates:     November 1988 to January 1989

     _______________





     Fieldwork methods:

     _________________



     Self completion questionnaire as an appendix to a survey.





     Language:            Dutch

     ________





     Details

     _______



     The design of the original questionnaire for the survey has

     been changed. This accounts for the change in age limits and

     for some slight changes in the background variables.

















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     Ireland - IRL

     _____________





     Sample size

     ___________



     The sample of the original survey was 1920 cases. From the

     ISSP that was attached to it, 1005 were returned.





     Sample type:

     ___________



     Two stage probability sample:

     Stage 1 - District Electoral Divisions

     Stage 2 - Electors i.e. 18 years of age and over.





     Response rate:

     _____________



     The response rate was 78% (n=1.005)





     Systematic properties:   None

     ______________________







     Weighting:               None

     _________





     Fieldwork dates:         15 November to 18 February 1989

     _______________





     Fieldwork methods:       Completion as part of personal

     _________________        interviews





     Context:                 Attitude Survey with particular

     _______                  reference to prejudice and tolerance





     Deviation from Standard ISSP wording:

     ____________________________________



     None but Q.3 as SCPR, not NORC wording





     Language:                English

     ________





     Questionnaire:           As SCPR

     _____________











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     Codebook Information

     ____________________



     The example below is a reproduction of information appearing

     in the machine readable codebook. The numbers in angular

     brackets < > do not appear in the codebook, but are references

     to the descriptions which follow the example.





     Example

     _______





           V15  - WORKG WIFE IF:CHILD -

           <1>    <2>



           Location   26   MD1: 9

           Width       1   MD2: 8  Dec.places:...

           <3>         <4>    <5>   !R! FONT 8; EXIT;



           <6>

           Q.2b  Women should work outside: When there is a child

           under school age.



           <7>

           



              <8>  <9>



               1. Work full-time

               2. Work part-time

               3. Stay home



               8. Can't choose, don't know

               9. NA



               <10>



                  D     GB   USA    A     H     NL    I    IRL

            ---I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I

             1 I  51 I  28 I 136 I  17 I 136 I 169 I  33 I  89 I

             % I 1.9 I 2.3 I11.0 I 1.8 I 7.9 I10.2 I 3.3 I 9.4 I

            ---I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I

             2 I 607 I 331 I 425 I 242 I 694 I 562 I 536 I 335 I

             % I22.3 I27.4 I34.2 I26.1 I40.4 I34.0 I53.1 I35.2 I

            ---I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I

             3 I2060 I 847 I 681 I 668 I 887 I 922 I 441 I 527 I

             % I75.8 I70.2 I54.8 I72.1 I51.7 I55.8 I43.7 I55.4 I

            ---I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I

             8 I 260MI  82MI 143MI  45MI  17MI  57MI  18MI  51MI

               I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I

            ---I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I

             9 I  16MI  19MI  29MI     I   3MI  27MI     I   3MI

               I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I

            ---I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I

           SUM  2994  1307  1414   972  1737  1737  1028  1005















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     Explanation

     ___________





     <1> A variable (and reference) number have been assigned to

         each item in the study. In the present codebook which

         documents the archived data set, these numbers are identi-

         cal. Should the data set be subsetted or rearranged the

         variable numbers might change to reflect the order of the

         new data set while the reference numbers would remain

         unchanged to provide a link to the archived data set.

     <2> Indicates the abbreviated (24 character maximum) variable

         label used within OSIRIS or SPSS system files.

     <3> "Location" indicates the starting location of the variable

         when the dataset is stored in the OSIRIS format."Width"

         describes the number of positions of the variable.

     <4> "MD" indicates the designation of missing data. MD1 indi-

         cates an explicit defined single value. MD2 designates a

         single value or a value range, i.e. all values equal or

         greater than this value have been declared missing.

         Although these categories are defined as missing data

         categories, this does not mean that the user should not

         or cannot use these codes if so desired.

     <5> If a variable contains implied decimals, the message

         "Dec.places: xx" appears here, where xx is the number

         of decimal places.

     <6> Indicates the full question text taken from the British

         questionnaire. Wherever possible the original sequence

         of questions has been retained, although some changes

         were necessary to integrate the different national

         questionnaires.

     <7> Indicates commentaries and explanations added during the

         processing of the study. < > within question or answer

         texts may indicate whether the questionnaire in a parti-

         cular country is deviating from the general format.

     <8> Indicates the code value for the single answer category.

     <9> Indicates the textual definition of the codes.

         Abbreviations commonly used are DK (don't know), NA (no

         answer), Can't choose, Not applicable and Not available.

     <10>Indicates percentaged frequencies by country. This form

         is used whenever code categories have the same meaning

         for all countries. Column percentages are based only on

         "valid cases". Missing data values were excluded from

         percentages.







































             (C) Zentralarchiv fuer empirische Sozialforschung Koeln