ISSP 91 - Preface - Religion - ZA No. 2150





Acknowledgement of Assistance













All manuscripts utilizing data made available through the

Zentralarchiv fuer empirische Sozialforschung should acknowledge

that fact as well as identify the original collectors of the

data. We kindly ask all users to follow some adaptation of the

following statement:





          The data utilized in this (publication) were documented and

          made available by the   ZENTRALARCHIV FUER EMPIRISCHE

          SOZIALFORSCHUNG, KOELN. The data for the 'ISSP' were

          collected by independent institutions in each country (e.g.

          the Australian survey was conducted by the NSSS at the

          Australian National University (J. Kelley, M. Evans, C.

          Bean) etc. - see explicit information about the authorship

          in the codebook section: Study Descriptions). Neither the

          original collectors nor the ZENTRALARCHIV bear any

          responsibility for the analyses or interpretation presented

          here





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about the use of archival resources, and to facilitate the

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An Introduction to the ISSP





The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a voluntary

grouping of study teams in eleven nations (soon to become

thirteen or fourteen), each of which undertakes to run a short,

annual self-completion survey containing an agreed set of

questions asked of a probability-based, nation-wide sample of

adults. The topics change from year to year by agreement, with

a view to replication every five years or so. The questions

themselves are developed by subgroups and then thrashed out at

an annual meeting attended by representatives of each national

team. At the last meeting in May 1989, in London, there were 29

participants from the 11 national teams, including

representatives of the ISSP's 'official' data archive, the

Zentralarchiv at the University of Cologne. A constitution of

sorts has now been adopted by members of the ISSP. It contains,

for instance, rules of entry for new members and

responsibilities of membership. The primary duty of each member

is, of course, to run every annual module (or at least nearly

every one) in the agreed format. But there are no central funds

for the ISSP: each national team covers the costs of its own

piloting, fieldwork, data preparation, travel to meetings and so

on. Since the ISSP has agreed to use one language for drafting

and for meetings - (British) English -  there are no central

translation costs.



Improbable as it may seem, this general formula has worked well

so far. The annual questionnaires for instance (contrary to all

advice and experience) have actually been designed for the most

part in committee, and though inevitably flawed, are no less

successful than most. Admittedly, this success owes a lot to

careful prior development work by drafting groups and to

subsequent adjustments after piloting. In any event, fascinating

data are already beginning to emerge.



A fuller treatment than is given here, of the results generated

so far by the series, is to be provided in the first ISSP

Report, a book funded by the European Cultural Foundation and

due to be published by the Netherlands Social and Cultural

Planning Bureau (SCP) in 1990.



As may by now be apparent, the ISSP has grown and developed

somewhat haphazardly, and this pattern shows every sign of

continuing as long as it seems to work. The ISSP certainly came

into life without much serious planning, having emerged as a

vague idea during an impromptu meeting the two of us in 1983

whose purpose was primarily to exchange experiences and explore

opportunities for borrowing each other's questions.



At that stage, the British Social Attitudes Survey (BSAS) was

still in its first year, but had just received news that it was

to be given at least a four-year life span through the

generosity of the Sainsbury Family Charitable Trusts. The US

General Social Survey (GSS), in contrast, was some 12 years old

and had already acted as something of a role-model for other

national series, including the BSAS itself, the West German

Allgemeine Bevoelkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften

(ALLBUS) (started in 1980) and the Australian National Social

Science Survey (NSSS) (which was about to take its first

fieldwork round).



As is usual at such meetings, we were bemoaning the fact that

survey questions are poor travellers, especially across national

and cultural boundaries. The BSAS, for instance, despite

intentions to the contrary, had managed to transplant only one

or two questions directly from the GSS. The West German ALLBUS

contained a few more replications as a result of a specific

bilateral agreement with the GSS. But a long-standing problem

for all national time-series of this sort was, and is, that the

concern for a year-by-year comparability within a country is

often conflict with a concern of comparability between

countries. Since funding is almost from national sources, the

choice both of topics and of question-wording tends to reflect

national rather than cross-national priorities.



So the conclusion we reached in 1983 was that the ideal way of

securing a greater element of cross-national comparability

should probably be via a standardised bolt-on supplementary

questionnaire designed specifically for that purpose. With this

in mind, SCPR sought and obtained a small grant from the

Nuffield Foundation for convening a meeting (and then another)

between representatives of the other three national social

attitudes surveys which we already had some contact - those in

Australia, West Germany, and the USA. There, the idea of a

bolt-on, mutually-designed series of supplementary

questionnaires could be aired and, perhaps, taken further.



As it turned out, the idea was warmly received by all four

groups, who also decided that these supplements should be in a

self-completion format, primarily for reasons of cost and to

avoid adding to the already long, personal interviews. At the

following meeting, the first bolt-on module, on the role of

government, was developed and scheduled for fielding in 1985.



It was later translated into American English, Australian

English and German to obtain functionally-equivalent rather than

identical wordings. Although we were not quite aware of it at

the time, the ISSP had effectively started. Since then, several

other modules have been designed and fielded, the membership has

grown threefold, and the structure has become a bit more

bureaucratic, but not (yet) unduly so.









Excerpt from:

James A. Davis and Roger Jowell:

Measuring national differences, in:

Jowell, R., Witherspoon, S., Brook, L.:

British Social Attitudes - special international report;

6th report, pp. 2f., Oxford 1989.

Study descriptions





To differentiate countries in the crosstabulations within this

codebook we have decided to use (mainly) the international

automobile identification codes:





          AUS               Australia

          A                 Austria

          D-W               Germany (West)

          D-E               Germany (East)

          GB                Great Britain

          H                 Hungary

          IRL               Ireland

          IL                Israel

          I                 Italy

          NL                Netherlands

          NZ                New Zealand

          N                 Norway

          NIRL              Northern Ireland

          RP                Philippines

          PL                Poland

          RUS               Russia

          SLO               Slovenia

          USA               United States of America

Study description:       Australia



Study-Title:             National Social Science Survey (NSSS) 1993



Fieldwork Dates:         March to July 1993



Principal Investigators: Jonathan Kelley, Clive Bean,

                         Mariah Evans



Sample Type:             Panel of respondents from the earlier NSSS

                         'Family' and 'Lifestyles' surveys, conducted

                         in late 1989 and early 1990 (from which the

                         socio-demographic bachground variables for

                         the 1993 data are taken). The sample for

                         these two surveys was a nationwide simple

                         random sample covering the whole of

                         Australia, drawn from the (compulsory)

                         Australian federal electoral rolls by the

                         Australian Electoral Commission. Potential

                         respondents were eligible for inclusion in

                         the sample if they had completed the Family

                         or Lifestyle surveys, had not indicated that

                         they did not wish to participate further and

                         were still contactable at the same address.

                         The simple random sampling method means that

                         standard statistical tests are appropriate

                         (i.e., without the downward adjustment of

                         effective sample size appropriate for the

                         clustered sample designs usual in face-to-

                         face interviews).



Fieldwork Institute:     NSSS, Research School of Social

                         Sciences, Institute of Advanced

                         Studies, Australian National

                         University, in conjunction with

                         Datacol



Fieldwork Methods:       Self-completion questionnaire mailed out to

                         respondents and returned by reply-paid mail.

                         Potential non-respondents were pursued by up

                         to two follow-up mailings.



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:           Part of NSSS 1993



Sample Size:             2203  - ISSP



Response Rates:

                         5860     A - Total issued - total sample

                         2818     B - Ineligible - out of scope

                         3042     C - (= A - B) Total eligible (in scope

                                      sample)

                         2203     D - Total ISSP questionnaires received

                                  E - (= C - D; F + G + H)

                         839      F - Refusals



Language:                English



Weighted:                No



National Population Characteristics: Australia







                      Source 1            Source 2            Source 3

                      Census 1991         NSSS 1989-90        NSSS 1993



Gender



 Male                   49.0 %             49.5 %              53.3 %

 Female                 51.0 %             50.5 %              46.7 %

 (N)                                       (6037)              (2197)



Age Groups



 18 - 24                15.4 %             11.7 %               8.6 %

 25 - 34                22.1 %             22.3 %              19.0 %

 35 - 44                20.7 %             22.8 %              23.5 %

 45 - 54                14.8 %             16.3 %              18.2 %

 45 - 64                11.5 %             13.3 %              16.2 %

 65+                    15.5 %             13.6 %              14.6 %

 (N)                                       (5971)              (2153)



Age Left School



 Under 15/none          18.3 %             18.3 %              17.6 %

 15                     24.0 %             23.5 %              22.4 %

 16                     22.0 %             23.4 %              23.6 %

 17                     18.5 %             21.1 %              21.9 %

 18                     10.7 %             10.7 %              11.9 %

 19 and over             6.6 %              3.0 %               2.7 %

 (N)                                       (5666)              (2144)



Employment Status



 Employed               57.6 %             65.0 %              65.6 %

 Unemployed              6.8 %              2.4 %               1.5 %

 Not in labour force    35.6 %             32.8 %              32.9 %

 (N)                                       (5099)              (1972)



Occupation of employed persons



 Managers and

 administrators         13.8 %             12.5 %              14.6 %

 Professionals          14.3 %             18.4 %              20.7 %

 Para-professionals      7.6 %             11.2 %              12.1 %

 Tradespersons          14.0 %             12.3 %              11.9 %

 Clerks                 16.3 %             16.6 %              15.2 %

 Sales and personal

 service                13.2 %             12.2 %               9.8 %

 Plant and machine

 operators               7.9 %              6.9 %               6.2 %

 Labourers and related

 workers                12.8 %             10.0 %               9.6 %

 (N)                                       (3407)              (1229)

Study description:          Austria



Study-Title:                Austrian Social Survey 1993 Survey



Fieldwork Dates:            February to March 1993



Principal Investigators:    Prof. Dr. Max Haller, Dr. Franz

                            Hoellinger



Sample Type:                The ISSP 1991 and ISSP 1992 were fielded

                            together with the Austrian Social Survey

                            1993. The whole sample is divided into two

                            sub-samples which contain at times the one

                            or other ISSP-questionnaire. The sample is

                            a three stage stratified person random

                            sample. The sample-points are selected

                            according to the criteria of region and size

                            of place. Within the household the

                            interviewer has to select the respondent

                            among the household-members over 16 years of

                            age according to a random method.



Fieldwork Institute:        Institute Fessl & GfK, Vienna



Fieldwork Methods:          Face-to-face interview



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:              Part of the 'Austrian Social Survey 1993'



Sample Size:                1027



Response Rates:             Not available; probably similar to previous

                            Austrian ISSP-studies



Language:                   German



Weighted:                   Yes



Weighting procedure:        Weighting corrects the compound

                            dataset of the 'Austrian Social

                            Survey 1993' to the most recent Austrian

                            Mikrocensus data. The weighted

                            ISSP 1991 dataset gives slightly

                            different marginals from the

                            weighted overall dataset. Due to

                            the fieldwork method (face-to-

                            face interviews in private

                            households) the economically

                            active population is considerably

                            underrepresented in the sample.

National Population Characteristics: Austria





                        Source 1                Source 2

                        Austrian Social         ISSP 92 sample

                        Survey 93,              unweighted

                        weighted

                        (based on

                        Microcensus 91)





Total                     N=2011                N=1027



Gender



 Male                     47.5 %                  42.6 %

 Female                   52.5 %                  57.4 %



Age Groups



 16 - 24                  16.0 %                  12.7 %

 25 - 44                  37.3 %                  36.2 %

 45 - 64                  28.7 %                  25.9 %

 65+                      18.0 %                  15.3 %



Employment status



 Employed                 56.7 %                  47.4 %

 Unemployed                2.4 %                   3.7 %

 Student                   4.7 %                   4.4 %

 Housewife                11.4 %                  14.5 %

 Retired                  22.6 %                  27.1 %

 Others                    2.2 %                   1.7 %



Education



 Compulsory school        30.6 %                  32.6 %

 Compulsory school with

 vocational training      34.5 %                  30.7 %

 Middle school            14.9 %                  16.0 %

 Higher education below

 university               15.1 %                  15.2 %

 University                4.9 %                   4.5 %



Study description:         Austria



Study-Title:                Austrian Social Survey 1993



Fieldwork Dates:            February to March 1993



Sample Type:                The ISSP 1991 and ISSP 1992 were fielded

                            together with the Austrian Social Survey

                            1993. The whole sample is divided into two

                            sub-samples which contain at times the one

                            or other ISSP-questionnaire. The sample is

                            a three stage stratified person random

                            sample. The sample-points are selected

                            according to the criteria of region and size

                            of place. Within the household the

                            interviewer has to select the respondent

                            among the household-members over 16 years of

                            age according to a random method.



Fieldwork Institute:        Institute Fessl & GfK, Vienna



Fieldwork Methods:          Face-to-face interview



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:              Part of the "Austrian Social Survey 1993"



Sample Size:                984



Language:                   German



Weighted:                   Yes



Weighting:                  Weighting corrects the compound data-

                            set of the "Austrian Social Survey

                            1993" to the most recent Austrian

                            Microcensus data. The weighted ISSP

                            1991 dataset gives slightly different

                            marginals from the weighted overall

                            dataset. Due to the fieldwork-method

                            (face-toface interviews in private

                            households) the economically active

                            population is considerably

                            underrepresented in the sample.

National Population Characteristics: Austria



                            Austrian Social

                            Survey 93

                            weighted

                            (based on

                            Micro-             ISSP-91 sample

                            census 91          unweighted

                            n=2011             n=984





Male                        47.5 %             43.7 %

Female                      52.5 %             56.3 %





Age Groups



16 - 24                     16.0 %             13.5 %

25 - 44                     37.3 %             31.1 %

45 - 64                     28.7 %             34.4 %

65 +                        18.0 %             21.0 %





Employment status



employed                    56.7 %             44.6 %

unemployed                   2.4 %              2.6 %

pupil, student               4.7 %              5.8 %

housewife                   11.4 %             16.1 %

retired                     22.6 %             28.3 %

others                       2.2 %              2.6 %





Education



Compulsory school           30.6 %             32.2 %



Compulsory school with

vocational training         34.5 %             31.6 %



Middle school               14.9 %             14.7 %



Higher education below

university                  15.1 %             15.9 %



University                   4.9 %              5.5 %

Study description:          Germany



Study-Title:                Basisumfrage 1991 in Gesamtdeutschland

                            (Baseline Study 1991)



Fieldwork Dates:            May to July 1991



Principal

Investigator:               P. Ph. Mohler, M. Braun, M. Haeder (ZUMA,

                            Mannheim),

                            E. K. Scheuch (University of Cologne)



Sample Type:                Address Random with a multi-stage design of

                            German adults aged 18  years and older in

                            private households. In Germany (West) a

                            modified ADM design was used whereas in

                            Germany (East) the Infratest-Mastersample

                            East with a following random route was

                            applied.



Fieldwork Institute         Infratest, Munich



Fieldwork Methods:          Self-completion questionnaire as 'drop off'



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:              Basisumfrage 1991 in Gesamtdeutschland



Sample Size:                2832 - ISSP (1346 West - 1486 East)



Response Rates:

                            5620     A - Total issued - total sample

                                     2900 West

                                     2720 East

                            33     B - Ineligible

                                     25 West

                                     8 East

                            5587     C - (=A - B) Total eligible (in scope

                                     sample)

                            2875 West

                            2712 East

                            2526     D - Non-responses

                                     1358 West

                                     1168 East

                            3061     E - Valid responses (interviews)

                                     1517 West

                                     1544 East

                            2832       - Total ISSP questionnaires received

                                     1346 West

                                     1486 East

                             226     F - Refusals

                                     168 West

                                      58 East



Language:                    German



Weighted:                    No



Publication:                 Bandilla, W., Gabler, S., Wiedenbeck M.:

                             Methodenbericht zum DFG Projekt "ALLBUS

                             Baseline-Studie 1991", ZUMA-Arbeitsbericht

                             No. 92/04, ZUMA, Mannheim, 1992

"National Population Characteristics: Germany (West)



                            Source 1           Source 2

                            Micro-             Baseline

                            census 89          1991



Male                        47.1 %             48.3 %

Female                      52.9 %             51.7 %





Age Groups



18 - 19                      3.2 %              2.6 %

20 - 24                     10.3 %              9.5 %

25 - 29                     10.4 %             11.8 %

30 - 34                      8.8 %             11.6 %

35 - 39                      8.0 %              9.3 %

40 - 44                      6.9 %              8.7 %

45 - 49                      8.9 %              7.2 %

50 - 54                      9.2 %              8.1 %

55 - 59                      7.2 %              6.1 %

60 - 64                      7.3 %              7.0 %

65 - 69                      6.9 %              7.8 %

70 +                        12.9 %             10.2 %





Education



Lower secondary

qualification

without vocational

training                    26.1 %             13.7 %



Lower secondary

qualification

with vocational

training                    37.4 %             36.6 %



Middle school

qualification               20.4 %             24.2 %



Abitur                       8.4 %             11.5 %



University

degree                      7.6 %              13.9 %





Professional

status



Self-employed                5.8 %              5.3 %

Civil servants               4.8 %              6.1 %

Employees                   23.0 %             26.7 %

Labourers                   18.3 %             14.2 %

Not in labour

force, NA                   48.1 %             47.7 %







National Population Characteristics: Germany (East)



                            Source 1



Male                        47.8 %

Female                      52.2 %





Age structure



Children - 15

years                       21.6 %

Age able to work

16-65 years                 62.3 %

Pensionable

age                         16.1 %





Employed in



Industry/construc-

tion                        46.8 %

Agriculture,

forestry                    11.4 %

Science, culture,

education,

health                      16.0 %



Study Description:          Great Britain



Study-Title:                British Social Attitudes 1991 Survey



Fieldwork Dates:            Almost all interviews carried out between

                            March and June 1991.



Principal

Investigator:               Roger Jowell, Lindsay Brook, Gillian Prior,

                            Bridget Taylor, SCPR



Sample Type:                Stratified random probability. In 1991,

                            experimentally, half of the sample was drawn

                            from the electoral register and half from

                            the Postcode Address File (PAF). It was

                            designed to be representative of adults aged

                            18+ living in private accomodation in Great

                            Britain



Fieldwork Methods:          Self-completion supplement given to

                            respondents following the face-to-face

                            interview (on which the classification

                            questions were asked). The supplement was

                            either collected by the interviewer or

                            posted back to office.



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:              SCPR's British Social Attitudes 1991 - A-

                            version of self-completion questionnaire



Sample Size:                Achieved on ISSP: 1257





Response Rates:

                            2377     A - Total issued - total sample

                             168     B - Ineligible

                            2209     C - (=A - B) Total eligible (in scope

sample)

                            1473     D - Total questionnaires received

                            1257       - Total ISSP questionnaires received

                                     1221 weighted

                             952     E - Non-responses



                             787     F - Refusals (total)

                                     571 main questionnaire

                                     216 self-completion

                              84     G - Non-contact

                              81     H - Other



Language:                   English



Weighted:                   Yes



Weighting

Procedure:                  See: Lindsay Brook, Gillian Prior, Bridget

                            Taylor: British Social Attitudes 1991

                            Survey; Technical Report; Social and

                            Community Planning Research, London 1992.







Additional

Information                 Northern Ireland Social Attitudes 1991



Fieldwork Dates:            February and March 1991 plus 64 interviews

carried out later



Sample Size:                Achieved on ISSP: 838



Response Rates:

                            1400     A - Total issued - total sample

                             129     B - Ineligible

                            1271     C - (=A - B) Total eligible (in scope

sample)

                             906     D - Interviews achieved

                             838       - Total ISSP questionnaires received

                             433     E - Non-responses

                                     365 main questionnaire

                                      68 self-completion



                             285     F - Refusals (total)

                              29     G - Non-contact

                              51     H - Other

National Population Characteristics: Great Britain



                            Source 1           Source 2

                            GHS                BSA 1991

                                               Religion



Male                        48.0 %             46.0 %

Female                      52.0 %             54.0 %





Age Groups



18 - 24                     13.0 %             13.0 %

25 - 34                     19.0 %             20.0 %

35 - 44                     19.0 %             17.0 %

45 - 54                     15.0 %             16.0 %

55 - 64                     14.0 %             14.0 %

65 - 74                     12.0 %             12.0 %

75 +                         8.0 %              7.0 %





Years of full-

time education



under 10                    17.0 %

11                          27.0 %             42.0 %

12                          27.0 %             25.0 %

13                           8.0 %              9.0 %

14                           6.0 %              8.0 %

15 or more                  16.0 %             16.0 %





Unemployment

rate (seasonally adjusted)



May 1991                     7.7 %              8.4 %

Study description:          Hungary



Study-Title:                ISSP 1991: Religion - The Hungarian Survey



Fieldwork Dates:            April 14 to May 6, 1991



Principal

Investigator:               Tamas Kolosi, TARKI, Budapest



Sample Type:                A two-stage sampling procedure was applied.

                            About one hundred communities were selected,

                            the weighted (with the number of

                            respondents) means and variances of which

                            sufficiently reproduced the distribution of

                            the countries' 3100 communities (weighted by

                            population size) on a long series of

                            variables (e.g. proportion of labour force

                            employed in agriculture, proportion of

                            houses/flats with piped water, ration of

                            different age groups in population, etc.).

                            In each of the selected communities 10-40

                            individuals randomly selected from the

                            population register were interviewed. For

                            this wave in 1991, 1000 "main" and 500

                            reserved addresses were used. If the person

                            on the main address could not have been

                            contacted three times, one of the reserved

                            addresses in the same community was used as

                            a substitute.



Fieldwork Institute         TARKI, Budapest



Fieldwork Methods:          Personal Interview



Sample Size:                1000



Response Rates:

                            1000     Total issued (main addresses plus 500

                                     reserved addresses)

                             285     Ineligible (unsuccessful contacts)

                            1000     Valid Responses (plus substitutes from

                                     the reserved addresses)

                             285     Non-responses

                              19     unable to answer (ill, drunk etc.)

                              56     refusals

                              81     temporarily far from home (military

                                     service, hospital, etc.)

                              47     address has changed

                              16     address was wrong (insufficient

                                     specification or other mistake in

                                     record)

                              20     respondent died since 1989

                              46     can not be found at home (and none of

                                     the above reasons apply)



Language:                   Hungarian



Weighted:                   Yes



Weighting

Procedure:                  Apart from some significant differences in

                            age composition and male/femal ratio, the

                            TARKI-E sample also seems to oversample

                            males and females with secondary, and

                            females with tertiary education. If this

                            poses any serious problems, the users can

                            judge themselves, since we added a weighting

                            variable to the file. Application of

                            weighted instead of unweighted data does not

                            lead to statistically significant change in

                            the mean of any of the ordinal or continous

                            variables in the file. Users are suggested

                            to use the weight only to check the results

                            obtained with unweighted data.





National Population Characteristics: Hungary



                            Source 1           Source 2

                            2 % of             TARKI-E

                            Census 90          1991



Male                        46.8 %             43.1 %

Female                      53.2 %             56.9 %

                            n=147836           n=1000





Age Groups



20 - 24                      8.8 %              8.6 %

25 - 29                      7.9 %             10.7 %

30 - 34                     10.3 %              7.8 %

35 - 39                     11.4 %             11.9 %

40 - 49                     18.9 %             17.9 %

50 - 59                     16.0 %             19.8 %

60 - 74                     18.8 %             17.4 %

75 +                         7.8 %              5.9 %





Education



Male:

low                         32.8 %             28.7 %

medium                       9.1 %              9.7 %

high                         4.9 %              4.7 %



female:

low                         37.1 %             37.7 %

medium                      12.0 %             14.1 %

high                         4.1 %              5.1 %





Study description:        Ireland



Study-Title:               IRELAND: Religion and Role of

Government Modules



Fieldwork Dates:           September - November 1991



Principal

Investigator:              Prof. Conor Ward (UCD) Prof. Brendan

                           Whelan (ESRI) Economic and Social

                           Research Institute, Dublin



Sample Type:               Random - epsem sample based on RANSAM system



Fieldwork Institute:       ESRI



Fieldwork Methods:         Personal Interview





Sample Size:               1005



Response Rates:

                           1575     A - Total issued

                            201     B - Ineligible

                           1374     C - (= A - B) Total eligible

                           1005     D - Total ISSP questionnaires received

                            396     E - (= C - D; = F + G + H)

                                           total non-response

                            154     F - Refusals

                            122     G - Non-contact

                             93     H - Other



Language:                  English



Weighted:                  No



National Population Characteristics: Ireland



                            Source:

                            Census 91





Male                        49.1 %

Female                      50.9 %



(% of population aged 15 +)





Age Groups



0 - 14                      26.7 %

15 - 24                     17.1 %

25 - 44                     27.2 %

45 - 64                     17.6 %

65 +                        11.4 %



(% of total population)



                            Source:

                            Census 86

Years of Schooling

Groups



under 10                    28.5 %

10 - 11                     31.5 %

12 - 14                     31.3 %

15 or over                   8.7 %



(% of population aged 15 + who have completed education)





                            Source:

                            Labour Force

                            Survey 90

Employment

Status



Employed                    44.2  %

Unemployed                   7.0 %

Not in labour

force                       48.8 %



(% of population aged 15 +)

Study Description:          Israel



Study-Title:                Role of Government / Religion



Fieldwork Dates:            December 1991



Principal

Investigator:               N. Lewin-Epstein, Tel Aviv Universtity



Sample Type:                Area Probability Sample



Fieldwork Methods:          Face to face interview



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:              Exclusive ISSP questionnaire



Sample Size:                991



Language:                   Hebrew



Weighted:                   No



Known Systematic

Properties:                 Only Jewish population surveyed



National Population Characteristics: Israel



                            Source 1           Source 2

                            Total              Jews only





Male                        49.8 %             49.6 %

Female                      50.2 %             50.4 %





Age Groups



0 - 19                      48.7 %             37.9 %

20 - 24                      8.1 %              7.7 %

25 - 29                      7.3 %              7.0 %

30 - 34                      7.1 %              7.2 %

35 - 44                     13.2 %             14.1 %

45 - 54                      7.8 %              8.2 %

55 - 64                      6.8 %              7.5 %

65 - 74                      5.3 %              6.0 %

75 +                         3.8 %              4.4 %





Years of Schooling

Groups



0                            5.6 %              4.2 %

1 -  8                      19.4 %             15.9 %

9 -  12                     49.7 %             51.5 %

13 - 15                     14.5 %             16.0 %

16 +                        10.8 %             12.2 %





Employment

Status



Employed                    46.6  %

Unemployed                   4.9 %

Not labour

force                       48.5 %



Study description:          Italy



Study-Title:                Indagine Sociale Internationale  (ISI) 1990

                            / 1991



Fieldwork Dates:            April, 8 to April, 22, 1990



Principal

Investigator:               Gabriele Calvi



Sample Type:                The sampling criteria adopted was a random

                            route one. The survey is fully

                            representative of the Italian population

                            aged between 14 and 74.



Fieldwork Institute         EURISCO



Fieldwork Methods:          Personal interview



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:              Ingaine Sociale Internationale (ISI) 1990 /

                            1991



Sample Size:                983



Language:                   Italian



Weighted:                   Yes

National Population Characteristics: Italy





                            Source 1

                            Census

                            1991



Male                        48.5 %

Female                      51.5 %





Age Groups



14 - 17                      7.0 %

18 - 24                     14.5 %

25 - 34                     18.1 %

35 - 44                     17.6 %

45 - 54                     16.5 %

55 - 64                     15.5 %

65 - 74                     10.8 %





Education



Elementary

school                      25.2 %

Lower high

school                      27.3 %

High school                 36.4 %

University, with

or without

degree                      11.2 %





Geographic areas



North-West                  27.1 %

North-East                  18.4 %

Centre                      19.1 %

South &

Islands                     35.4 %





Occupation



Professionals                1.8 %

Managers,

Executives                  15.4 %

Self-employed               12.2 %

Labourers                   19.0 %

Housewife                   19.9 %

Students                    10.8 %

Retired                     14.3 %

Unemployed                   6.5 %





Status



Low                         29.2 %

Average                     53.8 %

High                        17.0 %

Study description:         Netherlands



Fieldwork Dates:            1991



Principal

Investigator:               SCP - Sociaal an Cultureel Planbureau



Sample Size:                1635



Sample Type:                The sample of cultural changes in The

                            Netherlands is based on a list of all Dutch

                            addresses used by the postal service. Towns

                            with 20,000 or more addresses are self-

                            selective. Smaller towns are selected at

                            random. Their chance of being selected,

                            however, is proportionate to their number of

                            addresses.



Response Rates:

                             1926    Interviews realized in initial survey;

                                     response rate about 74%

                             1635    Interviews realized in ISSP survey;

                                     response rate  81%



Language:                    Dutch



National Population Characteristics: The Netherlands





                            Source

                            1992



Age Groups



0  - 19                     24.6 %

20 - 39                     32.9 %

40 - 64                     29.4 %

65 +                        13.0 %

                            (n=15,238,000)



Education

(pupils/students, full- and part-time)



Basic

education                   1,464,000

Special

education                     112,000

General

secondary education           751,000

Junior vocational

training                      229,000

Senior vocational

training                      527,000

Vocational colleges           263,000

Universities                  194,000



Total                       3,540,000





Employment



Full-time employees

15 - 64 yrs,

yearly averages              6,610,000

Registered unemployed

yearly averages                305,000

Study description:          New Zealand



Study-Title:                New Zealanders' Attitudes to Religion -

                            ISSP: 1991 Survey



Fieldwork Dates:            June and July 1991



Principal

Investigator:               P. Gendall, Massey University, Palmerston

                            North, New Zealand



Sample Type:                The sample was selected using the 1990 New

                            Zealand electoral rolls which contain the

                            names of all registered voters over the age

                            of 18 years. New Zealand is divided into 97

                            electorates of approximately equal size. A

                            systematic random sample was taken from each

                            electorate. There were no age or sex quotas,

                            because the electoral rolls were used, the

                            sample reflects the distribution of the

                            population.



Fieldwork Institute         Department of Marketing, Massey University



Fieldwork Methods:          Mail-survey





Sample Size:                1070



Response Rates:

                            1787     A - Total issued - total sample

                             157     B - Ineligible (Gone - no address)

                            1630     C - (=A - B) Total eligible (in scope

                                         sample)

                            1070     D - Valid Responses (ISSP interviews)



                             560     E - Non-responses

                             160     F - Refusals

                             391     G - Non-contacts

                               9     H - Deceased



Language:                   English



Weighted:                   No







National Population Characteristics: New Zealand



                            Source:

                            Key Statistics

                            31 Dec 89          31 Dec 90

                                               (provisional)



Male                        1,673,600          1,699,500

Female                      1,711,000          1,729,600





Age Groups



under 5                     268,740            274,710

5 - 9                       249,570            251,820

10 - 14                     256,600            255,650

15 - 19                     297,590            289,650

20 - 24                     279,110            284,250

25 - 29                     288,830            289,240

30 - 34                     277,370            282,180

35 - 39                     242,410            251,500

40 - 44                     226,370            239,250

45 - 49                     185,540            187,890

50 - 54                     153,980            159,680

55 - 59                     145,540            140,570

60 - 64                     143,020            143,920

65 - 69                     125,860            126,730

70 - 74                      95,230             99,600

75 - 79                      73,950             75,170

80 +                         74,800             77,270





Education                             Source:

                                      1986 Census



School certificate

1 or 2 Passes                          225,918



School certificate

3 or more Passes                       300,651



6th Form -

Endorsed School

Certificate                             145,896



University entrance

Matriculation                           268,374



Higher School

Higher Leaving

Certificate                             113,100



University

Bursary,

Scholarship                              96,243



Other                                    25,167



No School                             1,192,638

Qualification



Not Specified                           100,317





Professional                Source:

status                      NZ Labour Force

                            1991



Employed

Fulltime                    1,138,900

Parttime                      313,100



Unemployed

Fulltime                      130,300

Parttime                       31,900





Unemployment Rate



Fulltime                    10.3 %

Parttime                     9.3 %

"Study description:          Norway



Study-Title:                Attitudes to Religion - ISSP: 1991 Survey



Fieldwork Dates:            February 18 to June 15, 1991



Principal

Investigator:               NSD, Norwegian Social Science Data Services



Sample Type:                The sample was a simple random sample from

                            the Central Register of Persons, aged 16 -

                            79 years.



Fieldwork Institute         NSD, Norwegian Social Science Data Services



Fieldwork Methods:          Mail-survey



Sample Size:                1506



Response Rates:

                            2500     A - Total issued

                              20     B1 - Reported as ineligible

                              54     B2 - Unknown or address out of date

                            2426     C - (=A - B) Total eligible (in scope

                                     sample)

                            1506     D - Valid Responses (ISSP interviews)

                             920     E - Non-responses



Language:                   Norwegian



Weighted:                   No









National Population Characteristics: Norway



                            Source 1                     Source 2

                            Population                   ISSP Religion

                            Jan 1, 91                    1991

                            n=3,227,519                  n=1506



Sex and age



Male                        49.6 %             50.2 %

16 - 19                      4.0 %              3.7 %

20 - 29                     10.5 %             11.8 %

30 - 39                      9.9 %             10.5 %

40 - 49                      9.1 %              8.3 %

50 - 59                      5.9 %              5.6 %

60 - 69                      5.9 %              5.7 %

70 - 79                      4.3 %              4.6 %



Female                      50.4 %             49.8 %

16 - 19                      3.9 %              5.5 %

20 - 29                     10.0 %             10.4 %

30 - 39                      9.4 %              9.0%

40 - 49                      8.7 %              7.6 %

50 - 59                      6.0 %              6.6 %

60 - 69                      6.6 %              5.6 %

70 - 79                      5.8 %              5.0 %





Region



Central east

counties 2 & 3              21.3 %             19.0 %

East

counties 1,4-7              24.6 %             24.2 %

South

counties 8-10                9.4 %              9.4 %

West

counties 11-15              25.0 %             26.7 %

Middle

counties 16&17               8.9 %              9.4 %

North

counties 18-20              10.8 %             11.3 %





                            Source 1                     Source 2

                            Labour                       Net sample

                            Force                        Religion

                            Survey                       16-74

Education                   n=21,800                     n=1455



University

(all levels)                18.6 %                       21.9 %

High School

(all levels)                52.8 %                       51.4 %

Primary and

Secondary

School                      25.8 %                       24.2 %

Missing                      2.8 %                        2.5 %





Labour force

status



In labour

force                       65.0 %                       68.0 %

In school

pupil/student                9.7 %                        8.5 %

Retired, social

welfare                     14.8 %                       14.0 %

Home working                 5.6 %                        4.4 %

Unemployed                   3.7 %                        2.5 %

Other                        1.1 %                        0.4 %

Missing                      0.0 %                        2.1 %

Study Description:          Philippines



Study-Title:                1991 ISSP Religion



Fieldwork Dates:            June 7 to July 15, 1991



Principal

Investigator:               Social Weather Stations, Inc. (SWS)



Sample Type:                Multi-stage probability sample. The survey

                            had 1200 adult respondents (18 years and

                            above or the voting population), with

                            sampling quotas of 300 for each of the four

                            major areas: Metro Manila, Balance Luzon

                            (areas within Luzon but outside Metro

                            Manila), Visayas and Mindanao. Respondents

                            of the latter three major areas were further

                            subdivided into 150 urban and 150 rural

                            respondents. The number of respondents is

                            always realized. The survey has two types of

                            respondents: the household head, who

                            answered all questions pertaining to the

                            household, and the adult respondent, not

                            necessarily the household head, who answered

                            the rest of the questions.The ISSP questions

                            were answered by the adult respondent.



Fieldwork Institute         Social Weather Stations, Inc. (SWS)



Fieldwork Methods:          Face-to-face interview.



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:              Part of a national study



Sample Size:                1063 achieved



Sampling Methodology (see below)





Weighted:                   Yes



Weighting

Procedure:                  To come up with total Philippine figures,

                            appropriate weights, based on the National

                            Statistics Office's (NSO) 1980 projections

                            for the year 1985, were applied. The use of

                            these weights made the ISSP religion module

                            results comparable with regular SWS surveys.

                            The obtained weights are given below.



The allocation of sample units in each stage is as follows:







U R B A N

            Provinces   Cities    Precincts     House-    Respon-

                                                holds     dents



Metro

Manila       --         14         60           300       300

Balance

Luzon        10         30         30           150       150

Visayas       5         15         30           150       150

Mindanao      5         15         30           150       150



Total        20         54        150           750       750







R U R A L

                   Barangays    House     Respon

                                holds     dents



Balance Luzon      30           150       150

Visayas            30           150       150

Mindanao           30           150       150



Total              90           450       450







Weight = population / sample size



                            Projected

                            # of adults     Total

                            1985            sample

                            (in 000)        size      Weights



Metro Manila                 4074           300       13.58



Balance Luzon               12333           300       41.11

          Urban              3895           150       25.97

          Rural              8438           150       56.25



Visayas                      6690           300       22.30

          Urban              1892           150       12.61

          Rural              4798           150       31.99



Mindanao                     6682           300       22.27

          Urban              1704           150       11.36

          Rural              4978           150       33.19

"Study Description: Poland



Study-Title:                ISSP 1991: Religion (Poglady Polakow 1991)



Fieldwork Dates:            November 15 to December 15, 1991



Principal

Investigator:               Bogdan Cichomski, Institute for Social

                            Studies, University of Warsaw



Sample Type:                National multi-stage random sample. The

                            sample was a three stage national random

                            sample. The first stage consisted in

                            selection of primary sampling units (all

                            cities having more than 100,000 inhabitants,

                            a random sample of cities having less than

                            100,000 inhabitants divided into 5 strata

                            according to the number of inhabitants and

                            a random sample of rural areas divided into

                            8 strata by geographic region). In the

                            second stage a number of households (non-

                            institutional) was drawn separately from

                            each primary sampling unit using registers

                            of the Central Statistical Office. The

                            number of selected households was

                            proportional to the general number of

                            households in each strata. In the third

                            stage one person aged 15-65 was drawn in

                            each household by an interviewer using

                            random numbers.



Fieldwork Institute         Research Department of Polish Academy of

                            Sciences.



Fieldwork Methods:          The backgound data were collected through

                            personal interviewing, the ISSP Religion

                            Module was conducted as a self-administered

                            separate questionnaire, filled in by

                            respondent him/herself after completing the

                            interview and then returned to the

                            interviewer.



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:              National study of work values conducted in

                            cooperation with Cornell University under

                            the international research project.



Sample Size:                1063 achieved



Response Rates:

                            1450     A - Total issued

                             159     B - Ineligible

                            1291     C - Total eligible

                            1063     D - ISSP questionnaires received

                             228     E - Total non-response

                              95     F - Refusals

                             104     G - Non-contacts

                              29     H - Other non-responses





Language:                   Polish



Weighted:                   Yes



Weighting

Procedure:                  Number of persons aged 15 - 65 in a

                            household as a weighting factor.

National Population Characteristics: Poland



                            Source 1

                            1991





Male                        49.57 %

Female                      50.43 %





Age Groups



15 - 19                     11.70 %

20 - 29                     20.60 %

30 - 39                     26.20 %

40 - 49                     18.34 %

50 - 59                     15.72 %

60 - 64                      7.44 %





Education

Population 15 years and over



Less than

elementary                   6.11 %

Elementary                  38.92 %

Basic

vocational                  23.66 %

High school                 24.78 %

University                   6.53 %





Employment status: Statistical Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 12,

Central Statistical Office



Employed                    44.26 %

Unemployed                   9.00 %

not in labour

force                       not available

not in labour

force or private

agriculture                 46.74 %



Study Description:         Russia



Study-Title:                The ISSP Religion Module



Fieldwork Dates:            May 15 - June 6, 1991



Principal

Investigator:               Dr. E. Petrenko



Sample Type:                For this survey a two-stage sample was

                            designed, and at the first stage it followed

                            the number of the Russian population, and at

                            the second stage it was randomized. When for

                            simple randomization we retrieve data from

                            the address bureaus. The sample is limited

                            by the people from 16 years and older, who

                            are permanent residents in the relevant

                            settlements.



Fieldwork Institute:        VCIOM, The Russian Center for

                            Public Opinion and Market

                            Research, Moscow



Fieldwork Methods:          Self completion



Sample Size:                2964



Language:                   Russian



Weighted:                   Yes

National Population Characteristics: Russia



Type of                     share in           share in

settlement                  sample             population



rural                       26.3 %             26.4 %

urban                       73.7 %             73.6 %

central cities              38.3 %             34.7 %

peripheral

cities                      35.4 %             38.9 %







                            Source 1

                            All-Union

                            Census 1989





Male                        45.42 %

Female                      54.58 %





Age Groups



16 - 19                      7.17 %

20 - 24                      8.79 %

25 - 34                     22.91 %

35 - 49                     24.61 %

50 - 64                     23.75 %

65 +                        12.76 %



Education



Higher (completed

and uncompleted)               14 %

secondary (completed

and uncompleted)               38 %

Study Description:          Slovenia



Study-Title:                Slovensko Javno Mnenje (SJM - Slovenian

Public Opinion)



Fieldwork Dates:            November to December 1991



Principal

Investigator:               Niko Tos, Janez Stebe; Public Opinion and

                            Mass Communication Research Centre,

                            University of Ljubljana



Sample Type:                The sampling method is a systematic multi-

                            stage sampling of adults aged 18 to 70

                            years. It is an EPSEM sample of persons.

                            Based on a central register of citizens at

                            first stage equally distant points (persons)

                            are selected. At second stage two more

                            points were drawn by steps to the left and

                            to the right from the first point. Finally

                            clusters of five persons are formed, again

                            systematically, around points on register

                            from the previous stage.



Fieldwork Institute         Public Opinion and Mass Communication

                            Research Centre, University of Ljubljana



Fieldwork Methods:          Personal Interviews



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:              The ISSP questionnaire on Religion was part

                            of the SJM questionnaire about democratic

                            transformation of Slovenian society.



Sample Size:                2080



Response Rates:

                            2622     A - Total issued

                             241     B - Ineligible

                            2381     C - Total eligible

                            2080     D - ISSP questionnaires received

                             301     E - Total non-response

                             100     F - Refusals

                              67     G - Non-contacts

                             134     H - Other non-responses



Language:                   Slovenian



Weighted:                   No



Publication:                Blejec, Marjan: Nacrti in analiza vzorcev za

                            ankete "Slovensko javno mnenje", SJM68,

                            SJM69 in SJM70, VSSPN, 1970, Ljubljana.

"National Population Characteristics: Slovenia



                            Source 1

                            Census

                            1981





Male                        47.64 %

Female                      52.35 %





Age Groups



0 - 14                      22.97 %

15 - 19                      7.60 %

20 - 24                      7.92 %

25 - 29                      8.66 %

30 - 34                      7.87 %

35 - 39                      6.28 %

40 - 44                      6.47 %

45 - 49                      6.49 %

50 - 54                      6.22 %

55 - 59                      5.14 %

60 - 64                      3.00 %

65 - 69                      3.71 %

70 - 74                      3.35 %

75 +                         3.98 %

unknown                      0.28 %





Education

Population 15 years and over



None or still

at school                    1.42 %

1-3 years of

elementary

school                       2.14 %

4-7 years of

elementary

school                      22.37 %

Elementary school

completed                   32.52 %

Completed

vocational

school                      22.01 %

Completed

middle-school               12.52 %

Higher degree                2.79 %

University

degree                       3.13 %

NA                           1.06 %





Economic activity



Active persons

(labour force)              49.64 %

Persons with their

own funds                   13.95 %

Dependent

persons                     36.39 %





Employed persons in companies and other organizations (except

private) in 1990 (Statistical Yearbook RS 1991)



Employed                    94.86 %

Unemployed                   5.13 %



Study Description:          USA



Study-Title:                General Social Survey 1991 (GSS)



Fieldwork Dates:            February to April, 1991



Principal

Investigator:               James A. Davis, Tom Smith, NORC



Sample Type:                Three-stage NORC Master Sampling: Full

                            Probability Sample



Fieldwork Institute         National Opinion Research Center, University

                            of Chicago, NORC



Fieldwork Methods:          Personal Interviews with the ISSP done as a

                            self-completion while the interviewer is

                            waiting



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:              The ISSP data are part of the GSS



Sample Size:                1359 achieved



Response Rates:

                            2312     Total issued

                            1950     Net sample

                             433     Ineligible

                            1517     Completed Cases

                            1359     ISSP questionnaires received



                             323     Refusals, Break-offs

                             158     No self-completion

                              54     Non-contact

                              56     Ill





Language:                   American English



Weighted:                   No



Publication:                General Social Survey, 1972-1991: Cumulative

                            Codebook, 1991, Conducted for the National

                            Data Program for the Social Sciences at the

                            National Opinion Research Center, University

                            of Chicago; Data distributed by the Roper

                            Center for Public Opinion Research,

                            University of Connecticut; NORC Edition



National Population Characteristics: USA



                            Source 1           Source 2           Source 3

                            CPS                GSS 1990           GSS 1990

                            1988               unweight.          weighted





Male                        47.8 %             44.0 %             45.2 %

Female                      52.2 %             56.0 %             54.8 %

(N)                                            (1372)             (1372)





Age Groups



18 - 24                     14.7 %             10.3 %             12.8 %

25 - 29                     12.0 %              9.8 %             10.0 %

30 - 34                     12.0 %             12.7 %             12.4 %

35 - 39                     10.5 %             12.0 %             11.1 %

40 - 44                      8.9 %             10.9 %             11.1 %

45 - 49                      7.2 %              7.7 %              8.5 %

50 - 54                      6.1 %              5.2 %              6.1 %

55 - 59                      6.0 %              5.0 %              5.2 %

60 - 64                      6.0 %              6.1 %              6.2 %

65 +                        16.7 %             20.3 %             16.6 %

(N)                                            (1372)             (1372)





Years of

Schooling



0 -  8                      12.1 %              9.3 %              9.1 %

9 - 12                      11.7 %             12.7 %             13.1 %

12                          38.9 %             31.3 %             31.5 %

13 - 15                     17.0 %             23.5 %             23.3 %

16 +                        20.3 %             23.3 %             21.4 %

(N)                                            (1228)             (1194)







Labor force

participation, 16

years or older



Employed                    62.3 %             63.9 %             66.1 %

Unemployed                   3.6 %              2.4 %              2.7 %

Not in labour               34.1 %             33.6 %             31.1 %

(N)                                            (1372)             (1372)

Codebook Information



The example below is a reproduction of information appearing in

the machine readable codebook. The numbers in angular brackets

< > do not appear in the codebook, but are references to the

descriptions which follow the example.



Example:

<1>         <2>                                  <1>

V4    HOW HAPPY IN GENERAL                       Ref.Nr.: 4

<3>               <4>           <5>

Location:   14    MD1: 9    Dec.places:

Width:       1    MD2: 8

<6>

Q.1  If you were to consider your life in general these days,

how happy or unhappy would you say you are, on the whole?

(Please tick one box only)

-------------------------------------------------------------

<7>



   <8>     <9>

    1.  Very happy

    2.  Fairly happy

    3.  Not very happy

    4.  Not at all happy

    8.  Can't choose, don't know

    9.  NA

<10>

           D-W    D-E     GB   NIRL    USA      H     NL      I    IRL

       I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I

    1  I   256I   121I   402I   293I   501I    86I   438I   128I   407I

    %  I  19.8I   8.6I  32.6I  35.5I  37.2I   8.7I  28.3I  13.2I  40.6I

       I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I

    2  I   893I   961I   722I   483I   737I   527I  1015I   626I   527I

    %  I  69.0I  68.3I  58.6I  58.5I  54.8I  53.0I  65.5I  64.6I  52.6I

       I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I

    3  I   133I   289I    91I    42I    96I   320I    85I   166I    57I

    %  I  10.3I  20.5I   7.4I   5.1I   7.1I  32.2I   5.5I  17.1I   5.7I

       I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I

    4  I    12I    37I    18I     7I    12I    61I    12I    49I    11I

    %  I    .9I   2.6I   1.5I    .8I    .9I   6.1I    .8I   5.1I   1.1I

       I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I

    8  I   39MI   70MI   12MI    6MI    9MI    6MI   11MI   10MI    3MI

       I      I      I      I      I      I      I      I      I      I

       I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I

    9  I   13MI    8MI   12MI    7MI    4MI      I   74MI    4MI      I

       I      I      I      I      I      I      I      I      I      I

       I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I

  Sum     1346   1486   1257    838   1359   1000   1635    983   1005



             N      A    SLO     PL     IL     RP     NZ    RUS

       I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I

    1  I   292I   250I   160I   113I   161I   306I   302I   225I

    %  I  20.5I  26.1I   8.9I  12.1I  16.9I  25.5I  29.1I   8.7I

       I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I

    2  I   980I   633I   825I   567I   585I   702I   629I  1538I

    %  I  68.9I  66.1I  45.9I  60.6I  61.3I  58.5I  60.7I  59.1I

       I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I

    3  I   136I    67I   710I   214I   136I   165I    92I   697I

    %  I   9.6I   7.0I  39.5I  22.9I  14.3I  13.8I   8.9I  26.8I

       I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I

    4  I    15I     7I   103I    41I    72I    26I    14I   141I

    %  I   1.1I    .7I   5.7I   4.4I   7.5I   2.2I   1.4I   5.4I

       I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I

    8  I   39MI   25MI  228MI  126MI   32MI    1MI    6MI  356MI

       I      I      I      I      I      I      I      I      I

       I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I

    9  I   44MI    2MI   54MI    2MI    5MI      I   27MI    7MI

       I      I      I      I      I      I      I      I      I

       I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I------I

  Sum     1506    984   2080   1063    991   1200   1070   2964

Explanations







     <1>  Indicate the variable number and reference number.

          A variable number and a reference number have been

          assigned to each item in the study. In the present

          codebook which documents the archived data set, these

          numbers are identical. Should the data set be sub-

          setted or rearranged the variable numbers might

          change to reflect the order of the new data set while

          the reference numbers would remain unchanged to

          provide a link to the archived data set.

     <2>  Indicates the abbreviated (24 character maximum)

          variable label used within OSIRIS or SPSS system files.

     <3>  "Location" indicates the starting location of the

          variable when the dataset is stored in the OSIRIS format.

          "Width" describes the number of positions of the

          variable.

     <4>  MD1 and MD2 indicate the designation of missing

          data. MD1 indicates an explicit defined single value.

          MD2 defines a range of values. All values which are

          greater than or equal to the declared number, are

          within this range of missing values.

          Although these categories are defined as missing data

          categories, this does not mean that the user should not

          or cannot use these codes if so desired.

     <5>  If a variable contains implied decimals, the message

          "Dec.places: xx" appears here, where xx is the number

          of decimal places.

     <6>  Indicates the full question text taken from the British

          questionnaire. Wherever possible the original sequence

          of questions has been retained, although some changes

          were necessary to integrate the different national

          questionnaires.

     <7>  Indicates commentaries and explanations added during

          the processing of the study. < > within question or

          answer texts also indicate whether the questionnaire

          in a particular country deviated from the general

          format.

     <8>  Indicates the code values for the single answer

          categories.

     <9>  Indicates the textual definition of the codes.

          Abbreviations commonly used are DK (don't know),

          NA (no answer), Can't choose, not applicable and

          not available.

     <10> Indicates percentaged frequencies by country. This form

          is used whenever code categories have the same meaning

          for all countries. Column percentages are based only on

          "valid cases". Missing data values were excluded from

          percentages.