ISSP 85/90 - Preface - Role of Government I/II - ZA No. 2240









     Acknowledgement of Assistance

     -----------------------------





     All manuscripts utilizing data made available through the

     Zentralarchiv fuer empirische Sozialforschung should

     acknowledge that fact as well as identify the original

     collectors of the data. We kindly ask all users to follow

     some adaption of the following statement:





        The data utilized in this (publication) were made avai-



        lable by the Zentralarchiv fuer empirische Sozialforschung.



        The data for the 'ISSP' were collected by independent



        institutions in each country. Neither the original



        collectors of the data nor the ZA bear any responsibility



        for the analyses or interpretation presented here.





     In order to provide funding agencies with essential informa-

     tion about the use of archival resources, and to facilitate

     the exchange of information about research activities based

     on the ZA's holdings, each user is expected to send two copies

     of each completed manuscript to the ZA.































































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     Study descriptions 1985

     -----------------------



      To differentiate countries in the crosstabulations within this

      codebook we have decided to use the International automobile

      identification codes:





           AUS  -  Australia

           D    -  West Germany

           GB   -  Great Britain

           USA  -  United States

           I    -  Italy







     Australia - AUS

     ---------------





     The Australian ISSP Role of Government module was part of the

     second round of the Australian National Social Science Survey

     (NSSS), conducted in 1986.

     The NSSS (directed by Jonathan Kelley) is funded by the

     Research School of Social Sciences, Institute of Advanced

     Studies, the Australian National University.







     The Sample, data collection



     The data were collected by way of a self-completion, mail

     survey of Australian citizens aged eighteen and over, and

     competent in the English language.

     The sample was drawn at random from the national electoral

     rolls; enrolement is compulsory and coverage of the

     population thus nearly complete.



     Procedures to minimize losses: ten days after the initial

     mail-out, all potential respondents were sent a thank/you

     reminder letter; non-respondents were contacted a further

     four times (twice with a new questionnaire and twice by

     letter alone), for a total of six contacts. Respondents were

     given a telephone number to call toll-free if they had any

     queries or problems. The survey was in the field from

     November 1986 to July 1987, with the large majority of

     responses (over three-quarters) being received before the

     end of 1986.































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     The response rate was 61 per cent. Details are as follows:







     Adresses drawn                          3819

     Adresses in scope                       2509



     Valid completions                       1528



     Losses:

        Refusals                              380

        No reply after 6 mail-outs            601



     Completion rate (valid/in scope)         61%





     Addresses out of scope include 720 'return to sender',

     235 returned with no further information, and 37.1 per cent

     of those not responding in any way after all six mail-outs.

     The estimate of 37.1 per cent out-of-scope addresses among

     those not responding is based on a study of 245 randomly

     chosen non-responding addresses in the state of New South

     Wales.

     No adjustment is made for the estimated 60 cases out of scope

     due to lack of English.













































































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     Germany - D

     -----------





     Sample size



            Issued    2704

            Achieved  1048





     Sample type



     We used a two-stage stratified random sample.

     The first step consisted in the selection of communities,

     The second of addresses of Germans having reached at least

     18 years of age.





     Response rate



     Issued                                         2704

     ______________________________________________________________



     Changed residence, new residence unknown        118  =   4.4%

     Not able to fill out the questionnaire/

     ill/ died                                        73  =   2.7%

                                                     191

                                                    2513  = 100.0%

     Refused to fill out the questionnaire

     (by mail or by a telephone call)                105  =   4.2%

     Refused to accept the questionnaire/

     sent it back empty                              199  =   7.9%

     Not usable                                        9  =    .4%

     No answer                                      1152  =  45.8%

     ______________________________________________________________



     Realized                                       1048  =  41.7%





     Properties of the sample: We didn't manage to get addresses

     from all the communities in the sample.





     Weighting: No





     Fieldwork dates: May 14, to August 30, 1985 (last

     questionnaire arrived)





     Fieldwork methods: Mail survey





     Context: ISSP only





     Deviation from standard ISSP question wording: No













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     Language: German





     Source for further details:



     Hippler, H.J.: Methodenforschung im Rahmen des

     International Social Survey Project (ISSP) 1985.

     ZUMA-Nachrichten, No.19, November 1986, P.64-P.75.















































































































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     Great Britain - GB

     ------------------





     The questions for the ISSP '85 are part of the British Social

     Attitudes. This is the third in an annual series of surveys

     started by SCPR in 1983 and core-funded by the Monument

     Trust until at least 1987. It is similar to the General Social

     Survey carried out by NORC in the United States. The data

     derive from annual cross-sectional surveys with a repre-

     sentative sample of adults aged 18 or over living in private

     households in Britain.

     This section of the survey (a self-completion questionnaire)

     is funded by the Nuffield Foundation.

     The Nuffield Foundation funded SCPR to convene a series of

     meetings to confer with the counterparts in the USA (NORC),

     the Federal Republic of Germany (ZUMA), and Australia (ANU)

     to device a module of identical questions to be quarried

     in all four countries.

     The first such module, on attitudes to government intervention

     and the role of government, is part of the 1985 dataset, and

     direct international comparisons on this topic will now be

     possible.



        Source: British Social Attitudes, 1985 Survey;

        Technical Report: Sharon Wiherspoon; SCPR (Social and

        Community Planning Research)

        British Social Attitudes: The 1986 Report:

        Ed. Roger Jowell, Sharon Wiherspoon & Lindsay Brook, SCPR,

        1986, Aldershot)





     The Sample



     The sample covers England, Wales and all but the highlands and

     islands of Scotland.

     It consists of approximately 2500 addresses drawn from the

     Electoral registers, distributed equally in 114 sampling

     points. Sampling points are generally Polling Districts.

     At each address, you are asked, to try to interview one

     randomly selected adult.

     The survey was designed to achieve 1804 interviews with a

     representative sample of adults aged 18 or over living in

     private households in Britain.

     The sampling method involved a multi-stage design, with four

     separate stages of selection: selection of parliamentary

     constituencies (the stratification factors used in this survey

     were: 1. Registrar General's Standard Regions and 2.

     Population density: persons per hectar: over 10, 5 - 10 ,

     under 10, 3. A ranking by percentage of homes that were

     owner-occupied), selection of polling destricts, selection

     of addresses and selection of individuals.























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     Weighting



     The data were weighted to take account of any differences

     between the number of people listed on the register and

     those found at the address. Such differences occured in

     approximately 20% of cases, in each of which the data

     were weighted by the number of persons aged 18 or over

     living at the household, divided by the number of electors

     listed on the register for that address.



     The vast majority of such weights fall within a range between

     0.25 and 2.0; in only seven cases were weights greater than

     2.0 applied, ranging 3.0 to 8.0. In about 80% of cases, the

     number of persons listed on the register and those found at

     the address matched, so the effective weight was one.

     The data must be weighted before analysis.





     Data collection and response



     The ISSP survey program module is based on a self-completion

     questionnaire carried out during the months of April and May

     1985. Where necessary, two postal reminders were sent to

     obtain the supplement, and self-completion questionnaires were

     accepted until mid-July when the data was being edited.





     The response achieved is shown below:

     -------------------------------------



                                             No.        %



     Addresses issued                       2508

     Vacant, derelict, out of scope           58

     In scope                               2450       100

     Interview achieved                     1804        74

     Interview not achieved                  646        26



             Refused                         472        19

             Non-contact                     118         5

             Other non-response               56         2





     1804 interviews were achieved (73.6% from 2.450 addresses

     total in scope). 1530 (62.4%) self-completion questionnaires

     are sent back.

     In 274 instances (15% of the achieved sample) the self-

     completion questionnaire was not returned by the respondent,

     and is therefore absent from the dataset. In order to allow

     comparisons over time, the answers have been re-precentaged

     on the base of those respondents who returned a self-

     completion questionnaire (unweighted 1.530, weighted 1.502).



     Since the overall proportion returning a self-completion

     questionnaire was still fairly high (85%), it was felt that

     these non-response biases did not warrant corrective weighting

     of the self-completion questionnaire. Those not returning

     a self-completion questionnaire are not transferred to the

     ISSP dataset.









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     United States - USA

     -------------------





     The ISSP data are part of the General Social Surveys (GSS)

     carried out by the National Opinion Research Center,

     University of Chicago (NORC). Prinicpal investigator is

     James A. Davis, Senior Study Director and Co-Principal

     Investigator Tom W. Smith. The GSS data are collected in a

     cumulative Codebook produced by NORC and distributed by

     the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, University

     of Connecticut.

     The project was supported by the National Science Foundation.



        Source: General Social Surveys, 1972-1986:

        Cumulative Codebook, July 1986

        Conducted for the National Data Program for the Social

        Sciences at the National Opinion Research Center,

        University of Chicago;

        Data Distributed by the Roper Center for Public Opinion

        Research, University of Connecticut, ED., NORC





     The Sample





     The sample includes independently drawn English-speaking

     persons 18 years aged or over, living in non-institutional

     arrangements within the United States. 1985 a form of

     systematic full probability sampling was applied.



     The Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) employed are Standard

     Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) or non-metropolitan

     counties selected in NORC's Master Sample. These SMSAs and

     counties were stratified by region, age, and race for

     selection. The units of selection of the second stage were

     block groups (BGs) and enumeration districts (EDs).

     These EDs and BGs were stratified according to race and

     income before selection.

     The third stage of selection was that of blocks. The blocks

     were selected with probabilities proportional to size. In

     places without block statistics, measures of size for the

     blocks were obtained by field counting.









































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     Weighting



     Summary from: Problems in Form Randomization on the

                   General Social Surveys

                   by Tom Smith and Bruce L. Petersen

                   GSS Technical Report No. 53, April, 1986



     An unintended overlap between the respondent selection and

     form assignment procedures in the surveys from 1978 to 1985

     created an association between form and age order within

     certain households. This led to an association between form

     and various variables linked to age order such as age, sex,

     labour force status, and respondent's income. A weight was

     developed to compensate for the assignment bias and achieve

     the random distribution of affected variables across forms.

     An analysis of form-related questions by comparing weighted

     and unweighted distributions and response effects and by

     comparing affected and uneffected surveys suggests that the

     distortions were generally minor and that methodological

     conclusions drawn are unaffected by the incomplete

     randomization.

     Users should however be cautious about using the form

     related variables and should use the form adjustment

     weight to help compensate for the biased assignment of form.



     Problems with form randomization procedures on the 1985 survey

     necessitate the use of the weighting variable to adjust for

     incomplete randomization. In general one should use the weight

     variable whenever analyzing form-related variables.

     The ISSP supplement was administered to Form 1 cases in 1985

     and as such must be weighted. In addition because this was a

     self-administered supplement completed after the main

     GSS questionnaire there is 10% non-response.

     The survey contains 1534 completed cases. 677 cases carried

     out the ISSP.





     Response rates





     The ISSP supplement which aimed for completion immediately

     after main questionnaire suceeded in having most people

     complete the supplement at the same sitting and in

     maintaining high response rate. (90%)

     The 10% loss was exactly the level predicted by the project

     before the fieldwork. The overall response rate when survey

     nonresponse (21.3%) and supplement nonresponse (10%)

     are considered together is still a respectable 71%.



     Source: Attrition and Bias on the International Social

             Survey Program (ISSP);

             Tom Smith

             GSS Technical Report No. 66, February 1986





















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     Italy - I

     ---------





     The ISSP survey is part of the 'Indagine Sociale Italiana'

     (ISI).

     The survey contains two questionnaires. The first is a

     national performed and carried out by the EURISCO institut.

     The second is an international questionnaire, part of the

     ISSP programm and prepared from a group of countries named

     above.



     The survey is a representative sample of Italian persons

     aged between 18 and 74 years and living in Italian regions

     in the second half-year 1985.

     The sample is founded on estimations of the results of the

     last Census (Oct. 81) and of birth and death-rates.

     The data are collected by means of direct interviews on a

     sample of 1500 units.

     The structure of the sample is been realized in correspondence

     with the entity related to geographical parameters,

     demographical size of the cities, sex and age represented

     according to probability.





     Sample type





     In order to make the data valid and comparable, national

     multi-stage probability sample was used.

     Small geographical areas or administrative units were

     selected at random from all such areas or administrative

     units. This first stage yields a probalility sample of

     'primary sampling units' (PSUs). Sampling in this stage

     was stratified by using available census and other

     official statistical data as described above.

     The procedure ensures that the selected PSUs are indeed

     a representative selection of all possible PSUs.

     With a probability proportional to the demographical size

     94 communities were selected.

     Within each of these sample points (PSUs) a prespecified

     number of households (or dwelling units) were selected at

     random. In each household the interviewers listed all

     members of age 18 and above in a prespecified order by sex

     and age. Selection tables were attached to the face sheet

     of each interview schedule. These tables tell interviewers

     which person is to be interviewed from the listing.

     The sampling procedure yields representative probability

     samples of the total population in the same age categories.





























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     Fieldwork methods





     The international questionnaire is either applied direct

     from the interviewer or is self-completed from the interviewed

     person.

     The field work of the survey is carried out by the EURISCO

     institut during the months of September and October 1985.

     Cases of refusal were rare. Control was rigid, the incorrect

     reports are been substituted by reserve interviews.



     Source: 'Indagine Sociale Italiana' (ISI)

              EURISCO

              Ricerca Sociale e di Marketing

              Milano, Via Monte Rosa 15





     Weighting





     The survey is oversampled (100 cases to 1600 units)

     to control and to weight the inquiry.

     The weighting concerns the distribution of the units

     according geographical division, demographical size of

     the communities, occupation, sex and age.

     It is necessary to bring in mind, that the distributions

     according the parameters named above are not casual

     but a criterion of the sample, which is intended by

     construction.





     Language: Italian































































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Study descriptions 1990

-----------------------



To differentiate countries in the crosstabulations within this

codebook we have decided to use the international automobile

identification codes:







      AUS  -     Australia

      D    -     West Germany

      GB   -     Great Britain

      USA  -     United States of America

      I    -     Italy



































































































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Study description: Australia



Study-Title:           National Social Science Survey (NSSS) 1990

                       Election Panel Survey



Fieldwork Dates:       March to July 1990



Principal

Investigators:         Jonathan Kelley, Clive Bean, Mariah Evans



Sample Type:           Panel of respondents from the earlier NSSS

                       'Family' survey, conducted in late 1989-early

                       1990. This was a simple random sample covering

                       the whole of Australia, drawn from the

                       (compulsory) Australian federal electoral rolls

                       by the Australian Electoral Commission. Potential

                       respondents were eligible for inclusion in the

                       sample if they had completed the Family survey

                       and were still contactable at the same address.

                       The simple random sampling method means that

                       standard statistical tests are appropriate (i.e.,

                       without the downward adjustment of effective

                       sample size appropriate for the clustered sample

                       designs usual in face-to-face interviews).



Fieldwork

Institute:             NSSS, Research School of Social Sciences,

                       Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian

                       National University, in conjunction with Datacol



Fieldwork

Methods:               Self-completion questionnaire mailed out to

                       respondents and returned by reply-paid mail.

                       Potential non-respondents were pursued by up to

                       two follow-up mailings.



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:         Part of NSSS 1990 Election Panel Survey

                       (final section of the questionnaire)



Sample Size:           2398 - ISSP



Response Rates:

                       3730   A - Total issued - total sample

                       879    B - Ineligible - out of scope

                       2851   C - (=A - B) Total eligible (in scope

                              sample)

                       2398   D - Total ISSP questionnaires received

                              E - (=C - D; F + G + H)

                        347   F - Refusals

                              G - Non-contact

                        106   H - Other (valid questionnaires received

                              without information necessary to link panel

                              respondents to background data form earlier

                              wave of the survey)



Language:                     English



Weighted:                     No











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Comparison with National Population Characteristics: Australia



                       Source 1      Source 2

                       Census        ROG II

                       1986          1990



Male                   49.1 %        51.7 %

Female                 50.9 %        48.3 %

(N)                                  (2279)





Age Groups



20 - 24                12.0 %        8.1 %

25 - 34                23.8 %        21.3 %

35 - 44                20.9 %        22.5 %

45 - 54                14.4 %        17.2 %

55 - 59                 6.9 %        7.2 %

60 - 64                 6.6 %        8.2 %

65 +                   15.5 %        15.4 %

(N)                                  (2279)





Age left School



under 13/none           3.7 %        1.6 %

13 years old            3.0 %        1.5 %

14 years old           18.1 %        14.6 %

15 years old           25.6 %        24.0 %

16 years old           21.4 %        22.7 %

17 years old           15.5 %        21.8 %

18 years old            9.0 %        10.5 %

19 and over             3.5 %         3.0 %

Still at

school                  0.1 %         0.1 %

(N)                                  (2232)

























































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Characteristics of National Population Statistics: Census 1986



                       Source 1      Source 2

                       Census        ROG II

                       1986          1990



Managers               12.9 %        13.5 %

Professionals          13.1 %        21.0 %

Para-

professional            7.0 %        12.2 %

Tradespersons          15.2 %        11.4 %

Clerks                 17.4 %        16.6 %

Sales and personal

services               11.3 %         9.3 %

Plant and machine

operators               8.6 %         7.3 %

Labourers and

related

workers                14.2 %         8.8 %

(N)                                  (1254)





Labour Force

Status



Wage/salary

earner                 46.7 %        52.0 %

Self-employed/

employer               10.0 %         8.0 %

Unpaid helper           0.5 %         0.4 %

Unemployed              5.0 %         2.1 %

Not in labour

force                  37.7 %        37.5 %

(N)                                  (2017)





























































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Study description: West Germany



Study-Title:           ALLBUS 1990



Fieldwork Dates:       March, 12 to May, 25, 1990



Principal

Investigator:          ZUMA - ZA



Sample Type:           Address Random with a multi-stage design of

                       German adults aged 18  years and older in private

                       households



Fieldwork Institute    INFAS



Fieldwork Methods:     Self-completion questionnaire as 'drop off'





Context of ISSP

questionnaire:         ALLBUS 1990



Sample Size:           2812 - ISSP



Response Rates:

                       5204   A - Total issued - total sample

                        150   B - Ineligible

                       5054   C - (=A - B) Total eligible (in scope

                              sample) main survey ALLBUS)

                       1991   D - Non-responses

                       3051   E - Valid responses (interviews)

                       2812     - Total ISSP questionnaires received

                        239   F - Refusals



Language               German



Weighted               No



Literature:            Wasmer, Martina, Koch, Achim, and Wiedenbeck,

                       Michael: Methodenbericht zur "Allgemeinen

                       Bevoelkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften"

                       (ALLBUS) 1990















































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Comparison with National Population Characteristics: West Germany



                       Source 1      Source 2

                       Micro-        ALLBUS

                       census 89     1990



Male                   47.1 %        48.4 %

Female                 52.9 %        51.6 %





Age Groups



18 - 19                 3.2 %         2.1 %

20 - 24                10.3 %         8.2 %

25 - 29                10.4 %        12.0 %

30 - 34                 8.8 %        10.8 %

35 - 39                 8.0 %         9.9 %

40 - 44                 6.9 %         7.5 %

45 - 49                 8.9 %         8.0 %

50 - 54                 9.2 %         8.7 %

55 - 59                 7.2 %         6.5 %

60 - 64                 7.3 %         7.4 %

65 - 69                 6.9 %         7.3 %

70 +                   12.9 %        11.7 %





Professional

status



Self-employed           5.8 %         5.9 %

Civil servants          4.8 %         5.7 %

Employees              23.0 %        24.4 %

Labourers              18.3 %        12.7 %

Not in labour

force, NA              48.1 %        51.4 %



























































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Study Description: Great Britain



Study-Title:           British Social Attitudes 1990 Survey



Fieldwork Dates:       March and June 1990



Principal

Investigator:          Roger Jowell, Sharon Witherspoon, Lindsay Brook,

                       Bridget Taylor, SCPR



Sample Type:           Stratified random probability. In 1990, the

                       sampling frame was the electoral register.

                       Designed to be representative of adults aged 18+

                       living in private accomodation in Great Britain



Fieldwork Methods:     Self-completion supplement given to

                       respondents following the face-to-face

                       interview (on which the classification

                       questions were asked). The supplement was

                       either collected by the interviewer or

                       posted back to office.



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:         Part of BSA 1990: Version L



Sample Size:           Achieved on ISSP: 1197





Response Rates:

                       2293   A - Total issued - total sample

                         83   B - Ineligible

                       2210   C - (=A - B) Total eligible (in scope

                              sample)

                       1197   D - Total ISSP questionnaires received

                       1013   E - Non-responses

                        788   F - Refusals

                        128   G - Non-contact

                         97   H - Other





Language               English



Weighted               Yes



Weighting

Procedure              Source: See Brook, Lindsay, Taylor, Bridget, and

                       Prior, Gillian: British Social Attitudes 1990

                       Survey; Technical Report; Social and Community

                       Planning Research, London 1991.































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Comparison with National Population Statistics: Great Britain



                       Source 1      Source 2

                       GHS           BSA



Male                   48.0 %        45.0 %

Female                 52.0 %        55.0 %





Age Groups



18 - 24                13.0 %        13.0 %

25 - 34                19.0 %        19.0 %

35 - 44                19.0 %        20.0 %

45 - 54                15.0 %        15.0 %

55 - 64                14.0 %        13.0 %

65 - 74                12.0 %        12.0 %

75 +                    8.0 %         7.0 %





Years of full-

time education



under 10               17.0 %

11                     27.0 %        43.0 %

12                     27.0 %        25.0 %

13                      8.0 %         9.0 %

14                      6.0 %         7.0 %

15 or more             16.0 %        15.0 %





Unemployment

rate



May 1990                5.5 %         5.2 %



























































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Study Description: USA



Study-Title:           General Social Survey 1990 (GSS)



Fieldwork Dates:       February to April, 1990



Principal

Investigator:          James A. Davis, Tom Smith, NORC



Sample Type:           Three-stage NORC Master Sampling: Full

Probability Sample



Fieldwork Institute:   National Opinion Research Center,

                       University of Chicago, NORC



Fieldwork Methods:     Personal Interviews with the ISSP done as

                       a self-completion while the interviewer is

                       waiting



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:         The ISSP data are part of the GSS



Sample Size:           1217 achieved





Response Rates:

                       1857   A - Total issued - total sample

                        485   B - Ineligible

                       1372   C - (=A - B) Total eligible (in scope

                              sample)

                       1217   D - Total ISSP questionnaires received

                              E - (=C - D; F + G + H)



                        155   F - Refusals

                              G - Non-contact

                              H - Other





Language               American English



Weighted               No



Literature:            General Social Survey, 1972-1991: Cumulative

                       Codebook, 1991, Conducted for the National Data

                       Program for the Social Sciences at the National

                       Opinion Research Center, University of Chicago;

                       Data distributed by the Roper Center for Public

                       Opinion Research, University of Connecticut; NORC

                       Edition































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ZA-No. 2240          I S S P  85/90 -  Role of Government I/II   Page  30

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Comparison of the 1988 Current Population Survey to the 1990

General Social Survey: USA



                       Source 1      Source 2       Source 3

                       CPS           GSS 1990       GSS 1990

                       1988          unweight.      weighted





Male                   47.8 %        44.0 %         45.2 %

Female                 52.2 %        56.0 %         54.8 %

(N)                                  (1372)         (1372)





Age Groups



18 - 24                14.7 %        10.3 %         12.8 %

25 - 29                12.0 %         9.8 %         10.0 %

30 - 34                12.0 %        12.7 %         12.4 %

35 - 39                10.5 %        12.0 %         11.1 %

40 - 44                 8.9 %        10.9 %         11.1 %

45 - 49                 7.2 %         7.7 %          8.5 %

50 - 54                 6.1 %         5.2 %          6.1 %

55 - 59                 6.0 %         5.0 %          5.2 %

60 - 64                 6.0 %         6.1 %          6.2 %

65 +                   16.7 %        20.3 %         16.6 %

(N)                                  (1372)         (1372)





Years of

Schooling



0 -  8                 12.1 %         9.3 %          9.1 %

9 - 12                 11.7 %        12.7 %         13.1 %

12                     38.9 %        31.3 %         31.5 %

13 - 15                17.0 %        23.5 %         23.3 %

16 +                   20.3 %        23.3 %         21.4 %

(N)                                  (1228)         (1194)







Labor force

participation, 16

years or older



Employed               62.3 %        63.9 %         66.1 %

Unemployed              3.6 %         2.4 %          2.7 %

Not in labour          34.1 %        33.6 %         31.1 %

(N)                                  (1372)         (1372)

































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ZA-No. 2240          I S S P  85/90 -  Role of Government I/II   Page  31

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Study description: Italy



Study-Title:           Indagine Sociale Internationale 1990/ 91



Fieldwork Dates:       April, 8 to April, 22, 1990



Principal

Investigator:          Gabriele Calvi



Sample Type:           The sampling criteria adopted was a random route

                       one. The survey is fully representative of the

                       Italian population aged between 14 and 74.



Fieldwork Institute    EURISCO



Fieldwork Methods:     Self-completion questionnaire as 'drop off'



Context of ISSP

questionnaire:         ISI 1990/ 91



Sample Size:           983



Response Rates:

                       983    D - Total ISSP questionnaires received



Language               Italian



Weighted               Yes









































































             (C) Zentralarchiv fuer empirische Sozialforschung Koeln

ZA-No. 2240          I S S P  85/90 -  Role of Government I/II   Page  32

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Characteristics of National Population Statistics: Italy





                       Source 1

                       Census

                       1991



Male                   48.5 %

Female                 51.5 %





Age Groups



14 - 17                 7.0 %

18 - 24                14.5 %

25 - 34                18.1 %

35 - 44                17.6 %

45 - 54                16.5 %

55 - 64                15.5 %

65 - 74                10.8 %





Education



Elementary

school                 25.2 %

Lower high

school                 27.3 %

High school            36.4 %

University, with

or without

degree                 11.2 %





Geographic areas



North-West             27.1 %

North-East             18.4 %

Centre                 19.1 %

South &

Islands                35.4 %















































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ZA-No. 2240          I S S P  85/90 -  Role of Government I/II   Page  33

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Occupation



Professionals           1.8 %

Managers,

Executives             15.4 %

Self-employed          12.2 %

Labourers              19.0 %

Housewife              19.9 %

Students               10.8 %

Retired                14.3 %

Unemployed              6.5 %





Status



Low                    29.2 %

Average                53.8 %

High                   17.0 %





























































































             (C) Zentralarchiv fuer empirische Sozialforschung Koeln

ZA-No. 2240          I S S P  85/90 -  Role of Government I/II   Page  34

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     Codebook Information

     --------------------





     The example below is a reproduction of information appearing

     in the machine readable codebook. The numbers in angular

     brackets < > do not appear in the codebook, but are references

     to the descriptions which follow the example.





     Example



     <1>           <2>                     <1>

     V6    OBEY LAWS WITHOUT EXCEPT        REF.: 6

     <3>               <4>            <5>

     Location:   20    MD1: 0

     Width:       1    MD2: 8         (Dec. Places)



     <6>

     Q.1  In general, would you say that people should obey the

     law without exception, or are there exceptional occasions

     on which people should follow their consciences even if

     it means breaking the law?

     (Please tick one box)

     ----------------------------------------------------------

     <7> .......



    <8>       <9>

     1. Obey the law without exception

     2. Follow conscience on occasions



     8. Can't choose, don't know

        AUS: unsure

     9. NA, refused

     0. I 1990: Not available





      <10>

      AUS85 AUS90   D85   D90  GB85  GB90 USA85 USA90   I85   I90

     I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I

  1  I  471I  734I  121I  652I  577I  493I  268I  476I  587I     I

  %  I 32.4I 33.1I 12.0I 25.3I 39.4I 44.4I 43.1I 42.9I 39.5I     I

     I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I

  2  I  983I 1483I  891I 1922I  887I  618I  354I  634I  900I     I

  %  I 67.6I 66.9I 88.0I 74.7I 60.6I 55.6I 56.9I 57.1I 60.5I     I

     I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I

  8  I     I  65MI  32MI 196MI  60MI  62MI  45MI  72MI  93MI     I

     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I

     I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I

  9  I  74MI 116MI   4MI  42MI   6MI  24MI  10MI  35MI     I     I

     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I

     I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I

  0  I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I 983MI

     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I     I

     I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I-----I

Sum    1528  2398  1048  2812  1530  1197   677  1217  1580   983

















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ZA-No. 2240          I S S P  85/90 -  Role of Government I/II   Page  36

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     Explanation

     -----------





     <1>  Indicate the variable number and reference number.

          A variable number and a reference number have been

          assigned to each item in the study. In the present

          codebook which documents the archived data set, these

          numbers are identical. Should the data set be sub-

          setted or rearranged the variable numbers might

          change to reflect the order of the new data set while

          the reference numbers would remain unchanged to

          provide a link to the archived data set.

     <2>  Indicates the abbreviated (24 character maximum)

          variable label used within OSIRIS or SPSS system files.

     <3>  "Location" indicates the starting location of the

          variable when the dataset is stored in the OSIRIS format.

          "Width" describes the number of positions of the

          variable.

     <4>  MD1 and MD2 indicate the designation of missing

          data. MD1 indicates an explicit defined single value.

          MD2 defines a range of values. All values which are

          greater than or equal to the declared number, are

          within this range of missing values.

          Although these categories are defined as missing data

          categories, this does not mean that the user should not

          or cannot use these codes if so desired.

     <5>  If a variable contains implied decimals, the message

          "Dec.places: xx" appears here, where xx is the number

          of decimal places.

     <6>  Indicates the full question text taken from the British

          questionnaire. Wherever possible the original sequence

          of questions has been retained, although some changes

          were necessary to integrate the different national

          questionnaires.

     <7>  Indicates commentaries and explanations added during

          the processing of the study. < > within question or

          answer texts also indicate whether the questionnaire

          in a particular country deviated from the general

          format.

     <8>  Indicates the code values for the single answer

          categories.

     <9>  Indicates the textual definition of the codes.

          Abbreviations commonly used are DK (don't know),

          NA (no answer), Can't choose, not applicable and

          not available.

     <10> Indicates percentaged frequencies by country. This form

          is used whenever code categories have the same meaning

          for all countries. Column percentages are based only on

          "valid cases". Missing data values were excluded from

          percentages.

























             (C) Zentralarchiv fuer empirische Sozialforschung Koeln